Editing Triassic–Jurassic extinction event (section)

=== Marine invertebrates ===
The Triassic-Jurassic extinction completed the transition from the Palaeozoic [[evolutionary fauna]] to the Modern evolutionary fauna that continues to dominate the oceans in the present,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schoepfer |first1=Shane D. |last2=Algeo |first2=Thomas J. |last3=Van de Schootbrugge |first3=Bas |last4=Whiteside |first4=Jessica H. |date=September 2022 |title=The Triassic–Jurassic transition – A review of environmental change at the dawn of modern life |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0012825222001830 |journal=[[Earth-Science Reviews]] |volume=232 |page=104099 |doi=10.1016/j.earscirev.2022.104099 |bibcode=2022ESRv..23204099S |hdl=1874/425545 |s2cid=250256142 |access-date=1 February 2023|hdl-access=free }}</ref> a change that began in the aftermath of the [[end-Guadalupian extinction]]<ref name="DeLaHorraEtAl2012">{{cite journal |last1=De la Horra |first1=R. |last2=Galán-Abellán |first2=A. B. |last3=López-Gómez |first3=José |last4=Sheldon |first4=Nathan D. |last5=Barrenechea |first5=J. F. |last6=Luque |first6=F. J. |last7=Arche |first7=A. |last8=Benito |first8=M. I. |date=August–September 2012 |title=Paleoecological and paleoenvironmental changes during the continental Middle–Late Permian transition at the SE Iberian Ranges, Spain |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0921818112001221 |journal=[[Global and Planetary Change]] |volume=94–95 |pages=46–61 |doi=10.1016/j.gloplacha.2012.06.008 |bibcode=2012GPC....94...46D |access-date=15 December 2022|hdl=10261/59010 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> and continued following the [[Permian–Triassic extinction event|Permian-Triassic extinction event]] (PTME).<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Brayard | first1 = Arnaud | last2 = Krumenacker | first2 = L. J. | last3 = Botting | first3 = Joseph P. | last4 = Jenks | first4 = James F. | last5 = Bylund | first5 = Kevin G. | last6 = Fara | first6 = Emmanuel | last7 = Vennin | first7 = Emmanuelle | last8 = Olivier | first8 = Nicolas | last9 = Goudemand | first9 = Nicolas | last10 = Saucède | first10 = Thomas | last11 = Charbonnier | first11 = Sylvain | last12 = Romano | first12 = Carlo | last13 = Doguzhaeva | first13 = Larisa | last14 = Thuy | first14 = Ben | last15 = Hautmann | first15 = Michael | last16 = Stephen | first16 = Daniel A. | last17 = Thomazo | first17 = Christophe | last18 = Escarguel | first18 = Gilles | title = Unexpected Early Triassic marine ecosystem and the rise of the Modern evolutionary fauna | journal = [[Science Advances]] | volume = 13 | issue = 2 | pages = e1602159 | date = 15 February 2017 | doi = 10.1126/sciadv.1602159 | pmid = 28246643 | pmc = 5310825 | bibcode = 2017SciA....3E2159B }}</ref> Between 23% and 34.1% of marine genera went extinct.<ref name="JackSepkoski" /><ref name="GrahamRyderBook">{{cite book |last1=Ryder |first1=Graham |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kAup0TOL09gC&pg=PA19 |title=The Cretaceous-Tertiary Event and Other Catastrophes in Earth History |last2=Fastovsky |first2=David E. |last3=Gartner |first3=Stefan |publisher=[[Geological Society of America]] |year=1996 |isbn=9780813723075 |page=19}}</ref> [[Plankton]] diversity dropped suddenly,<ref name="PeterWard2001&quot;">{{cite journal |last1=Ward |first1=Peter Douglas |last2=Haggart |first2=J.W. |last3=Carter |first3=E.S. |last4=Wilbur |first4=D. |last5=Tipper |first5=H.W. |last6=Evans |first6=T. |date=11 May 2001 |title=Sudden Productivity Collapse Associated with the Triassic-Jurassic Boundary Mass Extinction |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1058574 |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=292 |issue=5519 |pages=1148–1151 |bibcode=2001Sci...292.1148W |doi=10.1126/science.1058574 |pmid=11349146 |s2cid=36667702 |access-date=23 November 2022|url-access=subscription }}</ref> but it was relatively mildly impacted at the Triassic-Jurassic boundary, although extinction rates among radiolarians rose significantly.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kocsis |first1=Ádám T. |last2=Kiessling |first2=Wolfgang |last3=Pálfy |first3=József |date=8 April 2016 |title=Radiolarian biodiversity dynamics through the Triassic and Jurassic: implications for proximate causes of the end-Triassic mass extinction |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/paleobiology/article/abs/radiolarian-biodiversity-dynamics-through-the-triassic-and-jurassic-implications-for-proximate-causes-of-the-endtriassic-mass-extinction/0986175366656DEE63909EF57FCFA87B |journal=[[Paleobiology (journal)|Paleobiology]] |volume=40 |issue=4 |pages=625–639 |doi=10.1666/14007 |s2cid=129600881 |access-date=28 May 2023|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Early Hettangian radiolarian communities became depauperate as a result of the TJME and consisted mainly of spumellarians and entactiniids.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Longridge |first=Louise M. |last2=Carter |first2=Elizabeth S. |last3=Smith |first3=Paul L. |last4=Tipper |first4=Howard W. |date=9 February 2007 |title=Early Hettangian ammonites and radiolarians from the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia and their bearing on the definition of the Triassic–Jurassic boundary |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0016699512000526?via%3Dihub |journal=[[Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology]] |language=en |volume=244 |issue=1-4 |pages=142–169 |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.06.027 |access-date=19 February 2025 |via=Elsevier Science Direct|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Benthic foraminifera suffered relatively minor losses of diversity.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pálfy |first=József |last2=Demény |first2=Attila |last3=Haas |first3=János |last4=Carter |first4=Elizabeth S. |last5=Görög |first5=Ágnes |last6=Halász |first6=Dóra |last7=Oravecz-Scheffer |first7=Anna |last8=Hetényi |first8=Magdolna |last9=Márton |first9=Emő |last10=Orchard |first10=Michael J. |last11=Ozsvárt |first11=Péter |last12=Vető |first12=István |last13=Zajzon |first13=Norbert |date=9 February 2007 |title=Triassic–Jurassic boundary events inferred from integrated stratigraphy of the Csővár section, Hungary |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018206004391 |journal=[[Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology]] |language=en |volume=244 |issue=1-4 |pages=11–33 |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.06.021 |access-date=19 February 2025 |via=Elsevier Science Direct|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Some opportunistic foraminifera such as ''Triasina hantkeni'' increased in abundance as they thrived in oxygen-depleted waters.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ciarapica |first=Gloria |date=9 February 2007 |title=Regional and global changes around the Triassic–Jurassic boundary reflected in the late Norian–Hettangian history of the Apennine basins |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018206004408 |journal=[[Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology]] |language=en |volume=244 |issue=1-4 |pages=34–51 |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.06.022 |access-date=19 February 2025 |via=Elsevier Science Direct|url-access=subscription }}</ref> [[Ammonoidea|Ammonites]] were affected substantially by the Triassic-Jurassic extinction and were nearly wiped out.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Smith |first1=Paul L. |last2=Longridge |first2=Louise M. |last3=Grey |first3=Melissa |last4=Zhang |first4=Jin |last5=Liang |first5=Bo |date=4 January 2014 |title=From near extinction to recovery: Late Triassic to Middle Jurassic ammonoid shell geometry |url=https://www.idunn.no/doi/10.1111/let.12058 |journal=[[Lethaia]] |language=en |volume=47 |issue=3 |pages=337–351 |doi=10.1111/let.12058 |issn=0024-1164 |access-date=28 October 2024|hdl=2429/45186 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> [[Ceratitida]]ns, the most prominent group of ammonites in the Triassic, became extinct at the end of the [[Rhaetian]] after having their diversity reduced significantly in the [[Norian]], while other ammonite groups such as the [[Ammonitina]], [[Lytoceratina]], and [[Phylloceratina]] diversified from the [[Early Jurassic]] onward.<ref name="TannerLucas">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tanner LH, Lucas SG, Chapman MG |date=2004 |title=Assessing the record and causes of Late Triassic extinctions |url=http://nmnaturalhistory.org/pdf_files/TJB.pdf |journal=[[Earth-Science Reviews]] |volume=65 |issue=1–2 |pages=103–139 |bibcode=2004ESRv...65..103T |doi=10.1016/S0012-8252(03)00082-5 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071025225841/http://nmnaturalhistory.org/pdf_files/TJB.pdf |archive-date=October 25, 2007 |access-date=2007-10-22}}</ref> Bivalves suffered heavy losses, although the extinction was highly selective, with some bivalve clades escaping substantial diversity losses.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ros |first1=Sonia |last2=Echevarría |first2=Javier |date=25 July 2011 |title=Bivalves and evolutionary resilience: old skills and new strategies to recover from the P/T and T/J extinction events |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08912963.2011.578744 |journal=[[Historical Biology]] |language=en |volume=23 |issue=4 |pages=411–429 |doi=10.1080/08912963.2011.578744 |hdl=11336/79657 |issn=0891-2963 |access-date=28 October 2024 |via=Taylor and Francis Online|hdl-access=free }}</ref> The [[Lilliput effect]], a term coined to describe a phenomenon wherein organisms shrink in size following a mass extinction, affected [[Megalodontidae|megalodontid]] bivalves,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Todaro |first1=Simona |last2=Rigo |first2=Manuel |last3=Randazzo |first3=Vincenzo |last4=Di Stefano |first4=Pietro |date=June 2018 |title=The end-Triassic mass extinction: A new correlation between extinction events and δ13C fluctuations from a Triassic-Jurassic peritidal succession in western Sicily |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0037073818300484 |journal=[[Sedimentary Geology (journal)|Sedimentary Geology]] |volume=368 |pages=105–113 |doi=10.1016/j.sedgeo.2018.03.008 |bibcode=2018SedG..368..105T |s2cid=134941587 |access-date=27 August 2023|url-access=subscription }}</ref> whereas [[Limidae|file shell]] bivalves experienced the Brobdingnag effect, the reverse of the Lilliput effect.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Atkinson |first1=Jed W. |last2=Wignall |first2=Paul B. |last3=Morton |first3=Jacob D. |last4=Aze |first4=Tracy |date=9 January 2019 |title=Body size changes in bivalves of the family Limidae in the aftermath of the end-Triassic mass extinction: the Brobdingnag effect |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pala.12415 |journal=[[Palaeontology (journal)|Palaeontology]] |volume=62 |issue=4 |pages=561–582 |doi=10.1111/pala.12415 |bibcode=2019Palgy..62..561A |s2cid=134070316 |access-date=14 January 2023}}</ref> There is some evidence of a bivalve cosmopolitanism event during the mass extinction.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Yan |first1=Jia |last2=Song |first2=Haijun |last3=Dai |first3=Xu |date=1 February 2023 |title=Increased bivalve cosmopolitanism during the mid-Phanerozoic mass extinctions |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0031018222005338 |journal=[[Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology]] |volume=611 |page=111362 |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2022.111362 |bibcode=2023PPP...61111362Y |access-date=20 February 2023|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Additionally, following the TJME, mobile bivalve taxa outnumbered stationary bivalve taxa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Abdelhady |first1=Ahmed A. |last2=Ali |first2=Ahmed |last3=Ahmed |first3=Mohamed S. |last4=Elewa |first4=Ashraf M. T. |date=8 September 2023 |title=Triassic/Jurassic bivalve biodiversity dynamics: biotic versus abiotic factors |url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12517-023-11657-x |journal=Arabian Journal of Geosciences |language=en |volume=16 |issue=10 |doi=10.1007/s12517-023-11657-x |issn=1866-7511 |access-date=11 September 2024 |via=Springer Link|url-access=subscription }}</ref> [[Gastropoda|Gastropod]] diversity was barely affected at the Triassic-Jurassic boundary, although gastropods gradually suffered numerous losses over the late Norian and Rhaetian, during the leadup to the TJME.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hallam |first1=Anthony |date=2 January 2007 |title=How catastrophic was the end-Triassic mass extinction? |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1502-3931.2002.tb00075.x |journal=[[Lethaia]] |volume=35 |issue=2 |pages=147–157 |doi=10.1111/j.1502-3931.2002.tb00075.x |access-date=28 May 2023|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Brachiopods declined in diversity at the end of the Triassic before rediversifying in the [[Sinemurian]] and [[Pliensbachian]];<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Baeza-Carratalá |first1=José Francisco |last2=Dulai |first2=Alfréd |last3=Sandoval |first3=José |date=October 2018 |title=First evidence of brachiopod diversification after the end-Triassic extinction from the pre-Pliensbachian Internal Subbetic platform (South-Iberian Paleomargin) |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0016699518300445 |journal=[[Geobios]] |volume=51 |issue=5 |pages=367–384 |doi=10.1016/j.geobios.2018.08.010 |bibcode=2018Geobi..51..367B |hdl=10045/81989 |s2cid=134589701 |access-date=22 May 2023|hdl-access=free }}</ref> the dielasmatoid, athyridoid, and spondylospiroid brachiopods experienced particularly severe declines.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tomašových |first=Adam |last2=Siblík |first2=Miloš |date=9 February 2007 |title=Evaluating compositional turnover of brachiopod communities during the end-Triassic mass extinction (Northern Calcareous Alps): Removal of dominant groups, recovery and community reassembly |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0031018206004482 |journal=[[Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology]] |language=en |volume=244 |issue=1-4 |pages=170–200 |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.06.028 |access-date=19 February 2025 |via=Elsevier Science Direct|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Bryozoans, particularly taxa that lived in offshore settings, had already been in decline since the Norian and suffered further losses in the TJME.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Powers |first1=Catherine M. |last2=Bottjer |first2=David J. |date=1 November 2007 |title=Bryozoan paleoecology indicates mid-Phanerozoic extinctions were the product of long-term environmental stress |url=https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/geology/article/35/11/995-998/129752 |journal=[[Geology (journal)|Geology]] |language=en |volume=35 |issue=11 |pages=995 |doi=10.1130/G23858A.1 |bibcode=2007Geo....35..995P |issn=0091-7613 |access-date=30 December 2023|url-access=subscription }}</ref> [[Ostracod|Ostracods]] also suffered significant losses,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wignall |first=Paul Barry |last2=Atkinson |first2=Jed W. |date=September 2020 |title=A two-phase end-Triassic mass extinction |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825220303287 |journal=[[Earth-Science Reviews]] |language=en |volume=208 |pages=103282 |doi=10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103282 |access-date=19 February 2025 |via=Elsevier Science Direct|url-access=subscription }}</ref> although opportunistic ostracod forms thrived in the eutrophic conditions of the TJME.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Michalík |first=Jozef |last2=Lintnerová |first2=Otília |last3=Gaździcki |first3=Andrzej |last4=Soták |first4=Ján |date=9 February 2007 |title=Record of environmental changes in the Triassic–Jurassic boundary interval in the Zliechov Basin, Western Carpathians |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018206004421 |journal=[[Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology]] |language=en |volume=244 |issue=1-4 |pages=71–88 |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.06.024 |access-date=19 February 2025 |via=Elsevier Science Direct|url-access=subscription }}</ref> [[Conulariida|Conulariids]] seemingly completely died out at the end of the Triassic.<ref name="TannerLucas" /> Around 96% of coral genera died out, with integrated corals being especially devastated.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Stanley Jr. |first1=George D. |last2=Shepherd |first2=Hannah M. E. |last3=Robinson |first3=Autumn J. |date=14 August 2018 |title=Paleoecological Response of Corals to the End-Triassic Mass Extinction: An Integrational Analysis |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12583-018-0793-5 |journal=Journal of Earth Science |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=879–885 |doi=10.1007/s12583-018-0793-5 |bibcode=2018JEaSc..29..879S |s2cid=133705370 |access-date=7 June 2023|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Corals practically disappeared from the [[Tethys Ocean]] at the end of the Triassic except for its northernmost reaches,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lathuilière |first1=Bernard |last2=Marchal |first2=Denis |date=12 January 2009 |title=Extinction, survival and recovery of corals from the Triassic to Middle Jurassic time |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-3121.2008.00856.x |journal=[[Terra Nova (journal)|Terra Nova]] |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=57–66 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-3121.2008.00856.x |bibcode=2009TeNov..21...57L |s2cid=128758050 |access-date=7 June 2023|url-access=subscription }}</ref> resulting in an early Hettangian "coral gap".<ref name="EarlyHettangianCoralGap">{{cite journal |last1=Martindale |first1=Rowan C. |last2=Berelson |first2=William M. |last3=Corsetti |first3=Frank A. |last4=Bottjer |first4=David J. |last5=West |first5=A. Joshua |date=15 September 2012 |title=Constraining carbonate chemistry at a potential ocean acidification event (the Triassic–Jurassic boundary) using the presence of corals and coral reefs in the fossil record |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0031018212003756 |journal=[[Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology]] |volume=350–352 |pages=114–123 |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.06.020 |bibcode=2012PPP...350..114M |access-date=7 June 2023|url-access=subscription }}</ref> There is good evidence for a collapse in the reef community, which was likely driven by [[ocean acidification]] resulting from {{CO2}} supplied to the atmosphere by the CAMP eruptions.<ref name="GeologicalRecordOceanAcid">{{Cite journal |last1=Hönisch |first1=Bärbel |author-link=Bärbel Hönisch |last2=Ridgwell |first2=Andy |last3=Schmidt |first3=Daniela N. |last4=Thomas |first4=Ellen |author4-link=Ellen Thomas (scientist) |last5=Gibbs |first5=Samantha J. |last6=Sluijs |first6=Appy |last7=Zeebe |first7=Richard |last8=Kump |first8=Lee |last9=Martindale |first9=Rowan C. |last10=Greene |first10=Sarah E. |last11=Kiessling |first11=Wolfgang |date=2012-03-02 |title=The Geological Record of Ocean Acidification |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1208277 |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |language=en |volume=335 |issue=6072 |pages=1058–1063 |bibcode=2012Sci...335.1058H |doi=10.1126/science.1208277 |issn=0036-8075 |pmid=22383840 |hdl=1874/385704 |s2cid=6361097 |access-date=19 March 2023|hdl-access=free }}</ref><ref name="OceanAcidDepTime">{{Cite journal |last1=Greene |first1=Sarah E. |last2=Martindale |first2=Rowan C. |last3=Ritterbush |first3=Kathleen A. |last4=Bottjer |first4=David J. |last5=Corsetti |first5=Frank A. |last6=Berelson |first6=William M. |date=2012-06-01 |title=Recognising ocean acidification in deep time: An evaluation of the evidence for acidification across the Triassic-Jurassic boundary |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825212000463 |journal=[[Earth-Science Reviews]] |language=en |volume=113 |issue=1 |pages=72–93|doi=10.1016/j.earscirev.2012.03.009 |bibcode=2012ESRv..113...72G|issn=0012-8252|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

Most evidence points to a relatively fast recovery from the mass extinction. [[Benthic_zone|Benthic]] ecosystems recovered far more rapidly after the TJME than they did after the PTME.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Barras |first1=Colin G. |last2=Twitchett |first2=Richard J. |date=9 February 2007 |title=Response of the marine infauna to Triassic–Jurassic environmental change: Ichnological data from southern England |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018206004500 |journal=[[Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology]] |series=Triassic-Jurassic Boundary events: problems, progress, possibilities |volume=244 |issue=1 |pages=223–241 |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.06.040 |bibcode=2007PPP...244..223B |issn=0031-0182 |access-date=10 November 2023|url-access=subscription }}</ref> British Early Jurassic benthic marine environments display a relatively rapid recovery that began almost immediately after the end of the mass extinction despite numerous relapses into anoxic conditions during the earliest Jurassic.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Atkinson |first1=J. W. |last2=Wignall |first2=Paul B. |date=15 August 2019 |title=How quick was marine recovery after the end-Triassic mass extinction and what role did anoxia play? |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0031018219302330 |journal=[[Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology]] |volume=528 |pages=99–119 |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.05.011 |bibcode=2019PPP...528...99A |s2cid=164911938 |access-date=20 December 2022}}</ref> In the [[Neuquén Basin]], recovery began in the late early Hettangian and lasted until a new biodiversity equilibrium in the late Hettangian.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Damborenea |first1=Susana E. |last2=Echevarría |first2=Javier |last3=Ros-Franch |first3=Sonia |date=1 December 2017 |title=Biotic recovery after the end-Triassic extinction event: Evidence from marine bivalves of the Neuquén Basin, Argentina |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0031018217306946 |journal=[[Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology]] |volume=487 |pages=93–104 |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.08.025 |bibcode=2017PPP...487...93D |access-date=28 May 2023|hdl=11336/49626 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Also despite recurrent anoxic episodes, large bivalves began to reappear shortly after the extinction event.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Opazo |first1=L. Felipe |last2=Twitchett |first2=Richard J. |date=August 2022 |title=Bivalve body-size distribution through the Late Triassic mass extinction event |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/paleobiology/article/abs/bivalve-bodysize-distribution-through-the-late-triassic-mass-extinction-event/D395EA5BCADCD7CC2EB903ADD14CC95A |journal=[[Paleobiology (journal)|Paleobiology]] |language=en |volume=48 |issue=3 |pages=420–445 |doi=10.1017/pab.2021.38 |issn=0094-8373 |access-date=28 October 2024 |via=Cambridge Core|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Siliceous sponges dominated the immediate aftermath interval thanks to the enormous influx of silica into the oceans,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Yager |first=Joyce A. |last2=West |first2=A. Joshua |last3=Trower |first3=Elizabeth J. |last4=Fischer |first4=Woodward W. |last5=Ritterbush |first5=Kathleen |last6=Rosas |first6=Silvia |last7=Bottjer |first7=David J. |last8=Celestian |first8=Aaron J. |last9=Berelson |first9=William M. |last10=Corsetti |first10=Frank A. |date=9 January 2025 |title=Evidence for Low Dissolved Silica in mid-Mesozoic Oceans |url=https://ajsonline.org/article/122691-evidence-for-low-dissolved-silica-in-mid-mesozoic-oceans |journal=[[American Journal of Science]] |language=en |volume=325 |doi=10.2475/001c.122691 |issn=1945-452X |access-date=18 February 2025 |via=AJS Online|url-access=subscription }}</ref> a consequence of the aerial extent of the CAMP basalts that were exposed to surficial weathering processes.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ritterbrush |first1=Kathleen A. |last2=Bottjer |first2=David J. |last3=Corseti |first3=Frank A. |last4=Rosas |first4=Silvia |date=1 December 2014 |title=New evidence on the role of siliceous sponges in ecology and sedimentary facies development in Eastern Panthalassa following the Triassic-Jurassic mass extinction|url=https://bioone.org/journals/palaios/volume-29/issue-12/palo.2013.121/NEW-EVIDENCE-ON-THE-ROLE-OF-SILICEOUS-SPONGES-IN-ECOLOGY/10.2110/palo.2013.121.short |journal=[[PALAIOS]] |volume=29 |issue=12 |pages=652–668 |doi=10.2110/palo.2013.121 |bibcode=2014Palai..29..652R |s2cid=140546770 |access-date=2 April 2023|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ritterbush |first1=Kathleen A. |last2=Rosas |first2=Silvia |last3=Corsetti |first3=Frank A. |last4=Bottjer |first4=David J. |last5=West |first5=A. Joshua |date=15 February 2015 |title=Andean sponges reveal long-term benthic ecosystem shifts following the end-Triassic mass extinction |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018214005951 |journal=[[Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology]] |volume=420 |pages=193–209 |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.12.002 |bibcode=2015PPP...420..193R |issn=0031-0182 |access-date=10 November 2023|url-access=subscription }}</ref> In some regions, recovery was slow; in the northern Tethys, carbonate platforms in the TJME's aftermath became dominated by microbial carbonate producers and [[r-selected]] calcitic taxa such as ''Thaumatoporella parvovesiculifera'', while dasycladacean algae did not reappear until the Sinemurian [[Stage (stratigraphy)|stage]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Montanaro |first=Andrea |last2=Falzoni |first2=Francesca |last3=Iannace |first3=Alessandro |last4=Parente |first4=Mariano |date=1 September 2024 |title=Patterns of extinction and recovery across the Triassic–Jurassic boundary interval in three resilient Southern Tethyan carbonate platforms |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031018224003249 |journal=[[Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology]] |language=en |volume=649 |pages=112335 |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2024.112335 |access-date=18 February 2025 |via=Elsevier Science Direct|doi-access=free }}</ref>