Editing Trienio Liberal (section)

==French intervention==
{{see|Royalist War}}
[[Image:El cardenal don Luis María de Borbón y Vallabriga (Museo del Prado).jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Luis María de Borbón y Vallabriga, 14th Count of Chinchón]] (1777–1823), [[Archbishop of Toledo]] and [[Primate of Spain]], a liberal churchman who abolished the [[Spanish Inquisition]] in 1820. (It would be re-established in 1823.)]]In 1822, Ferdinand VII applied the terms of the [[Congress of Vienna]], lobbied for the assistance of the other absolute monarchs of Europe, in the process joining the [[Holy Alliance]] formed by Russia, Prussia, Austria and France to restore absolutism. In France, the ultra-royalists pressured [[Louis XVIII of France|Louis XVIII]] to intervene. To temper their counter-revolutionary ardour, the [[Armand-Emmanuel du Plessis, Duc de Richelieu|Duc de Richelieu]] deployed troops along the [[Pyrenees]] Mountains along the France-Spain border, charging them with halting the spread of Spanish liberalism and the "yellow fever" from encroaching into France. In September 1822, the ''cordon sanitaire'' became an observation corps and then very quickly transformed itself into a military expedition.

[[File:José Aparicio - Landing of Ferdinand VII in El Puerto de Santa María - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|''[[The Landing of Ferdinand VII in El Puerto de Santa María]]'' by [[José Aparicio]]. Ferdinand VII greets the [[Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême|Duke of Angoulême]] having been freed from the control of the Liberal government in [[Cadiz]].]]
The [[Holy Alliance]] (Russia, [[Austria]] and [[Prussia]]) refused Ferdinand's request for help, but the [[Quadruple Alliance (1815)|Quintuple Alliance]] ([[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]], France, Russia, [[Prussia]] and [[Austria]]), at the Congress of [[Verona]] in October 1822, gave France a mandate to intervene and restore the Spanish monarchy.  On 22 January 1823, a secret treaty was signed at the congress of Verona, allowing France to invade Spain to restore Ferdinand VII as an absolute monarch. With that agreement from the Holy Alliance, on 28 January 1823, Louis XVIII announced that "[[The Hundred Thousand Sons of St. Louis|a hundred thousand Frenchmen]] are ready to march, invoking the name of [[Louis IX of France|Saint Louis]], to safeguard the throne of Spain for a grandson of [[Henry IV of France]]".