Editing Turkmens (section)

==Genetics==
[[Haplogroup Q-M242]] is commonly found in Siberia, Southeast Asia, Central Asia. This haplogroup forms a large percentage of the paternal lineages of Turkmens.

Grugni ''et al.'' (2012) found Q-M242 in 42.6% (29/68) of a sample of Turkmens from [[Golestan Province|Golestan]], Iran.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Grugni|first1=Viola|display-authors=etal|year=2012|title=Ancient Migratory Events in the Middle East: New Clues from the Y-Chromosome Variation of Modern Iranians|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=7|issue=7|pages=e41252|bibcode=2012PLoSO...741252G|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0041252|pmc=3399854|pmid=22815981|doi-access=free}}</ref> Di Cristofaro ''et al.'' (2013) found Q-M25 in 31.1% (23/74) and Q-M346 in 2.7% (2/74) for a total of 33.8% (25/74) Q-M242 in a sample of Turkmens from [[Jawzjan Province|Jawzjan]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Di Cristofaro|first1=J|last2=Pennarun|first2=E|last3=Mazières|first3=S|last4=Myres|first4=NM|last5=Lin|first5=AA|display-authors=etal|year=2013|title=Afghan Hindu Kush: Where Eurasian Sub-Continent Gene Flows Converge|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=8|issue=10|page=e76748|bibcode=2013PLoSO...876748D|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0076748|pmc=3799995|pmid=24204668|doi-access=free}}</ref> Karafet ''et al.'' (2018) found Q-M25 in 50.0% (22/44) of another sample of Turkmens from Turkmenistan.<ref>Tatiana M. Karafet, Ludmila P. Osipova, Olga V. Savina, ''et al.'' (2018), "Siberian genetic diversity reveals complex origins of the Samoyedic-speaking populations." ''Am J Hum Biol.'' 2018;e23194. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.23194. DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23194.</ref> Haplogroup Q has seen its highest frequencies in the Turkmens from [[Karakalpakstan]] (mainly [[Yomut]]) at 73%.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Skhalyakho|first1=Rosa|last2=Zhabagin|first2=Maxat|last3=M. Yusupov|first3=Yu|last4=Agdzhoyan|first4=Anastasiya|year=2016|title=Gene pool of Turkmens from Karakalpakstan in their Central Asian context (Y-chromosome polymorphism)|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/310645015}}</ref>

A genetic study on maternal [[mitochondrial DNA]] ([[mtDNA]]) haplogroups of a Turkmen sample describes a mixture of mostly West Eurasian maternal lineages and a minority of East Eurasian lineages. Turkmens also have two unusual mtDNA markers with polymorphic characteristics, only found in Turkmens and southern Siberians.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Malyarchuk|first1=B. A.|last2=Derenko|first2=M. V.|last3=Denisova|first3=G. A.|last4=Nassiri|first4=M. R.|last5=Rogaev|first5=E. I.|date=1 April 2002|title=Mitochondrial DNA Polymorphism in Populations of the Caspian Region and Southeastern Europe|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/11353941|url-status=live|journal=Russian Journal of Genetics|volume=38|pages=434–438|doi=10.1023/A:1015262522048|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606150805/http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/maik/ruge/2002/00000038/00000004/00375256;jsessionid=1i2j4imsmaj3n.alice|archive-date=6 June 2011|number=4|s2cid=19409969}}</ref>