Editing Twelve-string guitar (section)

===Electric 12-string guitars===
[[File:Rickenbacker 360-12WB 12 String.jpg|left|thumb|300x300px|A reissue of the 1964 Rickenbacker 360 12-string guitar]]
Electric 12-strings became a staple in pop and rock music in the 1960s. Early use of the instrument was pioneered by the guitarists of [[The Wrecking Crew (music)|the Wrecking Crew]]; in 1963, [[Carol Kaye]] used a converted Guild six-string on [[the Crystals]]' hit "[[Then He Kissed Me]]",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vintageguitar.com/2809/carol-kaye/|title=Carol Kaye interview in Vintage Guitar Magazine|author=Moseley, Willie G.|date=2000}}</ref> and on [[Jackie DeShannon]]'s song "[[When You Walk in the Room]]", [[Glen Campbell]] played a well-known guitar figure, composed by DeShannon, on an electric 12-string.<ref name="Bacon, Tony 2010">{{cite book|title=Rickenbacker Electric 12 String: The Story of the Guitars, the Music, and the Great Players|author=Bacon, Tony|date=2010}}</ref>

One of the first mass-produced electric 12-strings was the Bellzouki.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://uniqueguitar.blogspot.com/2010/02/danelectro-bellzouki-model-7010-was.html|date=2010|title=The Bellzouki aka The Danelectro 12 String Guitar|author=Ohara, Marcus}}</ref> Introduced by [[Danelectro]] in 1961 from a design by session guitarist [[Vinnie Bell]], it was initially considered a cross between an electric guitar and a [[bouzouki]] rather than an electric version of the traditional 12-string guitar.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.musicradar.com/news/guitars/a-z-of-garage-rock-252837#!2|date=2010|title=B is for... Bellzouki|author=Mitchell, Ed|website=Musicradar.com}}</ref> In the UK in 1963, [[Jennings Musical Instruments|JMI]] briefly produced the Vox Bouzouki, later produced in Italy as The Vox Tempest XII,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vintageguitarandbass.com/vox/Bouzouki.php|title=Vox Bouzouki Electric Twelve String Guitar|website=Vintageguitarandbass.com|access-date=2019-02-22}}</ref> which was used by [[Vic Flick]] on the [[Peter and Gordon]] hit single "[[A World Without Love]]" in 1964.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.songfacts.com/blog/writing/british-session-star-vic-flick|title=British Session Star Vic Flick : Song Writing|last=Songfacts|website=Songfacts.com|language=en|access-date=2019-02-22}}</ref> In late 1963, [[Burns London|Burns]] developed the Double Six,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.burnsguitars.com/doublesix.php|title=Double Six Guitars London|website=Burnsguitars.com|access-date=2019-02-22}}</ref> supplying a prototype to [[Hank Marvin]] of [[the Shadows]], who used it on a number of songs for the soundtrack of the 1964 [[Cliff Richard]] movie ''[[Wonderful Life (1964 film)|Wonderful Life]]'';<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tvsspecialtyproducts.com/hank-s-guitars.html|title=Hank's Guitars {{!}}TVS Specialty Products|website=Tvsspecialtyproducts.com|access-date=2019-02-22}}</ref> the Double Six was also used on [[The Searchers (band)|the Searchers]]' cover version of De Shannon's "When You Walk in the Room."

[[File:NesmithLive2018.jpg|right|thumb|[[The Monkees|Monkees]] guitarist [[Michael Nesmith]] playing his signature model Gretsch Model 6076]]

The electric 12-string gained prominence with the introduction in 1964 of the [[Rickenbacker 360/12|Rickenbacker 360]],<ref name="Bacon, Tony 2010"/> made famous through [[George Harrison]]'s use of it on [[the Beatles]]' album ''[[A Hard Day's Night (album)|A Hard Day's Night]]'' and many subsequent recordings.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.guitarworld.com/gear/beatles-secret-weapon-george-harrison-s-1963-rickenbacker-36012|author=Fanelli, Damian R|publisher=Guitar World|date=17 April 2017|title=The Beatles' Secret Weapon: George Harrison's 1963 Rickenbacker 360/12}}</ref> In 1965, inspired by Harrison, [[Roger McGuinn]] made the Rickenbacker 12-string central to [[the Byrds]]' [[folk rock]] sound, further popularising the instrument.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.guitarplayer.com/guitaraficionado/guitar-collection-roger-mcguinns-1964-rickenbacker-360-12|author=Beinstock, R|publisher=Guitar Player|date=14 December 2014|title=Guitar Collection: Roger McGuinn's 1964 Rickenbacker 360-12}}</ref> [[File:Rickenbacker 370-12 RM.jpg|left|thumb|300x300px|A limited edition 1988-1989 Rickenbacker 370/12 RM Roger McGuinn 12-string guitar (without his signature on the pickguard and without electronic compressor)]]
By the mid-1960s, most major guitar manufacturers were producing competing instruments, including the [[Fender Electric XII]] (used by [[Roy Wood]] of [[the Move]]), and the [[Vox Phantom|Vox Phantom XII]] (used by [[Tony Hicks]] of [[the Hollies]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.the-searchers.co.uk/ricky.htm |title=The Rickenbacker Myth (The Searchers' Official Site)|author=Allen, Frank|website=The-searchers.co.uk|date=2016}}</ref> [[Gretsch]], [[Guild Guitar Company|Guild]], and [[Gibson (guitar company)|Gibson]] also produced electric 12-string models from the mid-Sixties and following decades,<ref name="Bacon, Tony 2010"/> with Gretsch promoting theirs by supplying a number of custom made 12-strings for [[the Monkees]] guitarist [[Michael Nesmith]], for use on ''[[The Monkees (TV series)|The Monkees]]'' TV series.<ref name = Monkees>{{cite web |title=The Monkees Instruments and Gear |url=https://www.monkeeslivealmanac.com/gear.html |website=Monkees Live Almanac |access-date=29 October 2018}}</ref>

[[File:Jimmy Page with Robert Plant 2 - Led Zeppelin - 1977.jpg|right|thumb|[[Jimmy Page]] onstage in Chicago with [[Led Zeppelin]], using the Gibson EDS-1275 double neck guitar]]
Standard electric 12-strings became less popular with the end of the American folk rock scene in the late sixties; Fender and Gibson ceased production of the Electric XII and [[Gibson ES-335|ES-335]] 12-string variant respectively, in 1969.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fender.com/articles/gear/ring-true-a-history-of-fender-12-string-electric-guitars|title=Ring True: A History of Fender 12-String Electric Guitars|last=Owens|first=Jeff|date=2017-05-19|website=Fender.com|access-date=2019-02-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://truevintageguitar.com/inventory/1968-gibson-es-335-12/|title=1968 Gibson ES-335-12 {{!}} True Vintage Guitar|website=Truevintageguitar.com|access-date=2019-02-22}}</ref> However, from the 1970s, some [[progressive rock]], [[hard rock]], and [[jazz fusion]] guitarists, most notably [[Jimmy Page]] of [[Led Zeppelin]], [[Don Felder]] of [[Eagles (band)|the Eagles]], [[John McLaughlin (musician)|John McLaughlin]] of the [[Mahavishnu Orchestra]] and [[Alex Lifeson]] of [[Rush (band)|Rush]] used [[double-necked guitars]] such as the [[Gibson EDS-1275]], with six-string and 12-string necks, for live appearances, allowing easy transition between different sounds mid-song.<ref>Simmons, Michael. "12-String Power." ''Acoustic Guitar.'' November 1997, p. 51</ref>

The post punk era of the late '70s and early '80s saw a resurgence of electric 12-string guitar use among '60s-influenced alternative rock, pop, and indie guitarists. Players such as [[Johnny Marr]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.smithsonguitar.com/2008/12/johnny-marrs-gear.html|title=Johnny Marr's Gear|website=Smithsonguitar.com|access-date=2019-02-22}}</ref> of [[the Smiths]], [[Dave Gregory (musician)|Dave Gregory]] of [[XTC]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://chalkhills.org/articles/GuitarPlayer199206.html|title=Chalkhills: "XTC: The Reluctant Gods Of Smart Pop", Guitar Player, 1992|website=chalkhills.org|access-date=2019-02-22}}</ref> [[Susanna Hoffs]] of [[the Bangles]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vintageguitar.com/2991/susanna-hoffs/|title=Susanna Hoffs|last=Sollenberger|first=Kraig|date=2006-10-10|website=Vintage Guitar magazine|access-date=2019-02-22}}</ref> [[Marty Willson-Piper]] of [[The Church (band)|the Church]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rickenbacker.com/news_item.asp?news_id=9&news=old|title=News|website=Rickenbacker.com|access-date=2019-02-22}}</ref> [[Peter Buck]] of [[R.E.M.]], and [[Tom Petty]] and [[Mike Campbell (musician)|Mike Campbell]] of [[Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers]] often chose 12-strings (particularly Rickenbackers) for many songs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tonybacon.co.uk/rickenbacker-electric-12-string/|title=Tony Bacon: books, words, and more|website=Tonybacon.co.uk|access-date=2019-02-22}}</ref>

In the 1980s John C Hall, president of [[Rickenbacker]], invited Roger McGuinn to participate in a limited-edition signature model. McGuinn was delighted. Roger McGuinn's signature model Rickenbacker 12-string was introduced in 1988 as the 370/12 RME1.<ref name="Bacon, Tony 2010" />