Editing Unio Trium Nationum (section)

===Events leading to the Union===
With the rise of the [[Ottoman Empire]], one of the first major Ottoman military campaigns against Transylvanian parts of the [[Kingdom of Hungary in the Middle Ages|Kingdom of Hungary]] was organised in 1421. The invading forces entered the region from [[Wallachia]]. The [[Transylvanian Saxons|Saxons]] and [[Székelys]] living in the border area tried to defend themselves, but were heavily outnumbered by the intruders. [[Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor|King Sigismund]] was not able to react promptly because he had recently inherited the [[Bohemia|Bohemian throne]] and was involved there in the [[Hussite Wars]]. Also, Transylvanian Diets had not been organized for decades and there was no forum to coordinate defence preparations of the three nations. Left alone, the Saxon [[Burzenland]] and the Székely Seat of [[Háromszék]], both in the border region, were ravaged. Sigismund reacted to the attack only years later, leading a series of military campaigns against the Ottomans in Wallachia. The Ottomans, allied with the Wallachian Voivode, returned in 1432 and Southern Transylvania suffered serious damages again.

In the same period, nobles and church authorities in Central Transylvania were concerned about protesting and revolting [[serfs]]. [[Hungarian people|Hungarian]] and [[Romanians|Romanian]] ([[Vlach]]) peasants  were dissatisfied with high taxes and restrictions to their free movement. Scattered peasant protests turned into a serious revolt in 1437, when peasants and Hungarian nobles defeated the troops of the landholders. The [[Budai Nagy Antal Revolt]] was triggered by an attempt by the Bishop of Transylvania to collect taxes. Although the revolt was led by Hungarian noble [[Antal Nagy de Buda]], it consisted of a coalition of various elements of Transylvanian society. This included [[Hungarian people|Hungarian]] and [[Romanians|Romanian]] [[serfs]] as well as the burghers of [[Kolozsvár]] (''Klausenburg'', ''Cluj''), and resulted in the lower taxes codified by the Treaty of Kolozsmonostor. Pál Vajdaházi, one of the leaders of the revolt, was referred to in this document as ''{{lang|la|vexilifer Universitatis regnicolarum Hungarorum et Valachorum huius principatus Hungariae}}'' (Standard-bearer of the Union of Hungarian and Romanian inhabitants of this province of Hungary).  Consequently, it is possible that the rebels considered themselves inhabitants of the [[Estates of the realm|Estate]] of [[Hungarians]] and [[Romanians]] (''{{lang|la|Universitas Hungarorum et Valachorum}}'').{{Citation needed|date=February 2019}}