Editing University of Minnesota (section)

===Minneapolis===
The original Minneapolis campus overlooked the [[Saint Anthony Falls]] on the [[Mississippi River]], but it was later moved about a mile (1.6&nbsp;km) downstream to its current location. The original site is now marked by a small park known as Chute Square at the intersection of {{proper name|University}} and Central avenues. The school shut down following a financial crisis during the American Civil War, but reopened in 1867 with considerable financial help from [[John S. Pillsbury]]. It was upgraded from a [[University-preparatory school|preparatory school]] to a college in 1869. Today, the university's Minneapolis campus is divided by the Mississippi River into an East Bank and a West Bank.

The Minneapolis campus has several residence halls: 17th Avenue Hall, Centennial Hall, Frontier Hall, Territorial Hall, Pioneer Hall, Sanford Hall, Wilkins Hall, Middlebrook Hall, Yudof Hall, and Comstock Hall.

====East Bank====
[[File:UMN-NorthrupMall.jpg|thumb|East Bank]]
[[File:Northrop Mall Winter.png|thumb|[[Northrop Mall Historic District|Northrop Mall]] in the winter]]
[[File:Walter Library Minnesota 5.jpg|thumb|[[Walter Library]], Northrop Mall]]
[[File:University of Minnesota.jpg|thumb|East Bank campus in winter. Ford Hall on the left, Nils Hasselmo Hall on the right of the light rail in the picture.]]

The East Bank, the main portion of the campus, covers {{cvt|307|acre|ha}} and is divided into several areas: the Knoll area, the Mall area, the Health area, the Athletic area, and the Gateway area.

The Knoll area, the oldest extant part of the university, is in the northwestern corner of the campus.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uservices.umn.edu/heritage/knoll/historic.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927131946/http://www.uservices.umn.edu/heritage/knoll/historic.htm |archive-date=September 27, 2011 |title=The Campus Knoll |publisher=University of Minnesota}}</ref> Many buildings in this area are well over 100 years old, such as some of the 13 in the [[University of Minnesota Old Campus Historic District|Old Campus Historic District]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uservices.umn.edu/heritage/about.htm |title=University of Minnesota Heritage Trail |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120209121242/http://www.uservices.umn.edu/heritage/about.htm |archive-date=February 9, 2012}}</ref> Today, most [[discipline]]s in this area relate to the [[humanities]]. Burton Hall is home to the [[University of Minnesota College of Education and Human Development|College of Education and Human Development]]. Folwell Hall and Jones Hall are primarily used by the language departments. A residence hall, Sanford Hall, and a student-apartment complex, Roy Wilkins Hall, are in this area. This area is just south of the Dinkytown neighborhood and business area.

[[Northrop Mall Historic District|Northrop Mall]] is arguably the center of the Minneapolis campus. The plan for the Mall was based on a design by [[Cass Gilbert]], although his scheme was too extravagant to be fully implemented.<ref>{{cite book |last=Millett |first=Larry |title=AIA Guide to the Twin Cities: The Essential Source on the Architecture of Minneapolis and St. Paul |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-87351-540-5 |pages=127–128|publisher=Minnesota Historical Society }}</ref> Several of the campus's primary buildings surround the Mall area. [[Northrop Auditorium]] provides a northern anchor, with [[Coffman Memorial Union]] (CMU) to the south. Four of the larger buildings to the sides of the Mall are the primary [[mathematics]], [[physics]], and [[chemistry]] buildings (Vincent Hall, Tate Laboratory and Smith Hall, respectively) and [[Walter Library]]. Smith Hall and Walter Library were built during the [[Lotus Coffman]] administration.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Madsen |first1=Rob |date=Spring 2023 |title=The Cost of Conservatism: The University of Minnesota's Lofted Ideals and Fallen Football Teams |journal=Journal of Sport History |volume=50 |issue=1 |pages=85–100 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/34/article/918698 |doi=10.5406/21558450.50.1.06 |access-date=|url-access=subscription }}</ref> The Mall area is home to the [[University of Minnesota College of Liberal Arts|College of Liberal Arts]], which is Minnesota's largest public or private college, and the [[University of Minnesota Institute of Technology|College of Science and Engineering]]. Behind CMU is another residence hall, Comstock Hall, and another student-apartment complex, Yudof Hall. The [[Northrop Mall Historic District]] was formally listed in the [[National Register of Historic Places]] in January 2018.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nps.gov/nr/listings/20180119.htm |title=Weekly List - National Register of Historic Places Official Website--Part of the National Park Service |website=www.nps.gov |access-date=December 9, 2018 |archive-date=October 16, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181016133510/https://www.nps.gov/nr/listings/20180119.htm |url-status=live}}</ref>

The Health area is to the southeast of the Mall area and focuses on undergraduate buildings for [[biological science]] students, as well as the homes of the College of [[Pharmacy]], the School of [[Nursing]], the [[University of Minnesota School of Dentistry|School of Dentistry]], the [[University of Minnesota Medical School|Medical School]], the [[University of Minnesota School of Public Health|School of Public Health]], and [[M Health Fairview]] Hospitals and Clinics. This complex of buildings forms what is known as the [[University of Minnesota Medical Center]]. Part of the [[University of Minnesota College of Biological Sciences|College of Biological Sciences]] is housed in this area.

{{anchor|Superblock}}<!--the page [[Superblock (University of Minnesota)]] redirects to this anchor.-->Across the street from the University of Minnesota Medical Center Fairview is an area known as the "Superblock", a four-city-block space comprising four residence halls (Pioneer, Frontier, Centennial and Territorial Halls). The Superblock is one of the most popular locations for on-campus housing because it has the largest concentration of students living on campus and has a multitude of social activities between the residence halls.

The Athletic area is directly north of the Superblock and includes four recreation/athletic facilities: the University Recreation Center, Cooke Hall, the University Fieldhouse, and the [[Memorial Stadium (University of Minnesota)#University Aquatic center|University Aquatic Center]]. These facilities are all connected by tunnels and skyways, allowing students to use one locker room facility. North of this complex is the [[Huntington Bank Stadium]], [[Williams Arena]], [[Mariucci Arena]], [[Ridder Arena]], and the Baseline Tennis Center.

The Gateway area, the easternmost section of campus, is primarily composed of office buildings instead of classrooms and lecture halls. The most prominent building is [[McNamara Alumni Center]]. The university is also heavily invested in a [[biomedical|biomedical research]] initiative and has built five biomedical research buildings that form a biomedical complex directly north of Huntington Bank Stadium.

=====Architecture=====
[[File:Pillsbury Hall.jpg|thumb|[[University of Minnesota Old Campus Historic District#Pillsbury Hall, 1889|Pillsbury Hall]], one of the oldest buildings on campus (1889)]]
[[File:Weisman Art Museum.jpg|thumb|[[Weisman Art Museum]]]]

[[University of Minnesota Armory|The Armory]], northeast of the Mall area, is built like a [[Norman architecture|Norman]] [[castle]]. It features a [[sally port|sally-port]] entrance facing Church Street and a tower that was originally intended to be the professor of [[military science]]'s residence. Since it originally held the athletics department, the Armory also features a [[gym]]nasium. Today it is home to military science classes and the university's [[Reserve Officers' Training Corps]].

Several buildings in the [[University of Minnesota Old Campus Historic District|Old Campus Historic District]] were designed by early Minnesota architect [[Leroy Buffington|LeRoy Buffington]]. One of the most notable is [[University of Minnesota Old Campus Historic District#Pillsbury Hall, 1889|Pillsbury Hall]], designed by Buffington and Harvey Ellis in the [[Richardsonian Romanesque]] style. Pillsbury Hall's [[polychromatic]] facade incorporates several sandstone varieties that were available in Minnesota during the time of construction. Buffington also designed the exterior of [[University of Minnesota Old Campus Historic District#Burton Hall, 1894|Burton Hall]], considered one of the strongest specimens of [[Greek Revival architecture]] in Minnesota.

Many of the buildings on the East Bank were designed by the prolific Minnesota architect [[Clarence H. Johnston, Sr.|Clarence H. Johnston]], including the [[Jacobean architecture|Jacobean]] Folwell Hall and the [[Beaux-Arts architecture|Beaux-Arts]] edifices of [[Northrop Auditorium]] and [[Walter Library]], which he considered the heart of the university. Johnston's son, Clarence Johnston Jr, was also an architect and designed the original [[Bell Museum of Natural History|Bell Museum]] building and [[Coffman Memorial Union]] in the 1930s.

The [[Malcolm Moos Health Sciences Tower]], which is the tallest building on the Twin Cities campus, is a noted example of [[brutalist architecture]].

In more recent years, [[Frank Gehry]] designed the [[Weisman Art Museum|Frederick R. Weisman Art Museum]]. Completed in 1993, the Weisman Art Museum is a typical example of his work with curving metallic structures. The abstract structure is considered highly significant because it was built prior to the widespread use of [[computer-aided design]] in architecture. It also ushered in a new era of architecture at the university, which continued with the completion of the [[McNamara Alumni Center]] in 2000 and Bruininks Hall (formerly STSS) in 2010.

Another notable structure is the addition to the Architecture building, designed by [[Steven Holl]] and completed in 2002. It won an [[American Institute of Architects]] award for its innovative design. The Architecture building was then renamed Rapson Hall after the local [[modernist architecture|modernist]] architect and School of Architecture Dean [[Ralph Rapson]].

The university also has a "Greek row" of historic [[fraternities and sororities]] located north of campus on University Avenue SE. {{main|List of Fraternities and Sororities at the University of Minnesota}}

====West Bank====
[[File:Rarig Center-20071213.jpg|thumb|Department of Theatre Arts &amp; Dance, Rarig Center]]

The West Bank covers {{cvt|53|acre|ha}}. The West Bank is home to the [[University of Minnesota Law School]], the [[Humphrey School of Public Affairs]], the [[Carlson School of Management]], various social science buildings, and the performing arts center. The West Bank Arts Quarter includes the [[Rarig Center]], Barbara Barker Center for Dance, Ferguson Hall (School of Music), Ted Mann Concert Hall and Regis Center for Art. Due to the numerous arts departments on the West Bank, it is home to several annual interdisciplinary arts festivals.

Wilson Library, the largest library in the university system, is also on the West Bank, as is Middlebrook Hall, the largest residence hall on campus. The [[Elmer L. Andersen]] Library is home to the University's Archives and Special Collections Department.<ref>Kelsey, Donald G. 2003. "The Elmer L. Andersen Library: Accomplishing the Impossible." ''Library Trends'' 52 (1): 49–59.</ref>