Editing University of Texas at Austin (section)

===Expansion and growth===
The old [[Main Building (University of Texas at Austin)|Main Building]] of the university was built in a [[Victorian architecture|Victorian]]-[[Gothic Revival architecture|Gothic]] style and served as the central point of the campus's {{convert|40|acre|adj=on}} site, and was used for nearly all purposes. But by the 1930s, discussions arose about the need for new library space, and the Main Building was razed in 1934, despite the objections of many students and faculty. The modern-day tower and Main Building were constructed in its place.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Collections |first=Special |title=Tarlton Law Library: Exhibit – UT School of Law Buildings in Photographs: Old Main |url=https://tarlton.law.utexas.edu/ut-law-buildings/old-main |access-date=2024-04-10 |website=tarlton.law.utexas.edu |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nicar |first=Jim |date=2019-03-08 |title=Main Building |url=https://jimnicar.com/tag/main-building/ |access-date=2024-04-10 |website=The UT History Corner |language=en}}</ref>[[File:UT architecture library.jpg|thumb|UT Architecture Library]]
In 1916, a contentious dispute erupted between Texas Governor [[James E. Ferguson]] and the University of Texas over faculty appointments. Ferguson's attempt to influence these appointments led to a retaliatory veto of the university's budget, jeopardizing its operations. Subsequently, Ferguson was impeached by the [[Texas House of Representatives]], convicted by the Senate on charges including misapplication of public funds, and removed from office.<ref>{{cite HOT|first=Ralph W.|last=Steen|title=Ferguson, James Edward|id=ffe05|date=February 24, 2016|orig-date=June 12, 2010}}</ref>

In 1921, the legislature appropriated $1.35&nbsp;million to purchase land next to the main campus. However, expansion was hampered by the restriction against using state revenues to fund construction of university buildings as set forth in Article 7, Section 14 of the Constitution. With the completion of Santa Rita No. 1 well<ref>{{cite HOT|title=Santa Rita Oil Well|id=dos01|first=Julia Cauble|last=Smith|date=June 15, 2010}}</ref> and the discovery of [[petroleum|oil]] on university-owned lands in 1923, the university added significantly to its Permanent University Fund. The additional income from Permanent University Fund investments allowed for bond issues in 1931 and 1947, which allowed the legislature to address funding for the university along with the Agricultural and Mechanical College (now known as [[Texas A&M University]]). With sufficient funds to finance construction on both campuses, on April 8, 1931, the Forty Second Legislature passed H.B. 368.<ref>{{cite web|title=Legislative Reference Library of Texas, HB 368, 42nd Regular Session|url=http://www.lrl.state.tx.us/scanned/sessionLaws/42-0/HB_368_CH_42.pdf|access-date=February 2, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202215456/http://www.lrl.state.tx.us/scanned/sessionLaws/42-0/HB_368_CH_42.pdf|archive-date=February 2, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> which dedicated the Agricultural and Mechanical College a 1/3 interest in the Available University Fund,<ref>{{cite web|title=Texas State Education Code, Title 3, Subtitle C, Chapter 66.02|url=http://www.statutes.legis.state.tx.us/Docs/ED/htm/ED.66.htm|access-date=February 2, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150202225320/http://www.statutes.legis.state.tx.us/Docs/ED/htm/ED.66.htm|archive-date=February 2, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> the annual income from Permanent University Fund investments.

In 1929, the University of Texas was inducted into the [[Association of American Universities]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Association of American Universities|url=http://www.aau.edu/about/article.aspx?id=5476|access-date=November 7, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120521132512/http://www.aau.edu/about/article.aspx?id=5476|archive-date=May 21, 2012}}</ref>

During [[World War II]], the University of Texas was one of 131 colleges and universities nationally that took part in the [[V-12 Navy College Training Program]] which offered students a path to a Navy commission.<ref name="list-of-v-12">{{cite web|url=http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USN/Admin-Hist/115-8thND/115-8ND-23.html|title=U.S. Naval Administration in World War II|publisher=HyperWar Foundation|access-date=September 29, 2011|year=2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112105122/http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USN/Admin-Hist/115-8thND/115-8ND-23.html|archive-date=January 12, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> Additionally, to facilitate the wartime effort, academic calendars were compressed, allowing for accelerated graduation.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nicar |first=Jim |date=2014-06-04 |title=The University Learns of D-Day |url=https://jimnicar.com/2014/06/04/the-university-learns-of-d-day/ |access-date=2024-03-17 |website=The UT History Corner |language=en}}</ref>

After ''[[Brown v. Board of Education]]'' in 1954, Houston, Texas, area teen Marion Ford had been accepted to become one of the first Black attendees. In an interview with a reporter he announced his desire to try-out for the football team. The Ford Crisis would begin and all Black admissions at the time were rescinded until policy could be drawn up.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Price |first=Asher |title=Memo by secret memo, the University of Texas kept segregation alive into the 1960s. |url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2020/01/memo-by-secret-memo-the-university-of-texas-kept-segregation-alive-into-the-1960s/ |access-date=March 12, 2022 |website=Mother Jones |language=en-US}}</ref>

In the fall of 1956, the first Black students entered the university's undergraduate class.<ref name="Ruiz">{{cite web|author=Leila Ruiz|url=https://thedailytexan.com/2014/04/04/uts-first-black-students-faced-significant-discrimination-on-the-long-road-to/|title=UT's first black students faced significant discrimination on the long road to integration|newspaper=The Daily Texan|date=April 4, 2014|access-date=January 8, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126014138/http://www.dailytexanonline.com/news/2014/04/04/ut%E2%80%99s-first-black-students-faced-significant-discrimination-on-the-long-road-to|archive-date=January 26, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Black students were permitted to live in campus dorms, but were barred from campus cafeterias.<ref name="Ruiz" /> The University of Texas integrated its facilities and desegregated its dormitories in 1965.<ref>Cary D. Wintz, "The Struggle for Dignity: African Americans in Twentieth-Century Texas" in ''Twentieth-Century Texas: A Social and Cultural History'' (eds. John Woodrow Storey & Mary L. Kelley. University of North Texas Press, 2008).</ref> UT, which had had an open admissions policy, adopted standardized testing for admissions in the mid-1950s, at least in part as a conscious strategy to minimize the number of Black undergraduates, given that they were no longer able to simply bar their entry after the Brown decision.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2019/09/how-ut-used-standardized-testing-to-slow-integration/597814/ |title=A Secret 1950s Strategy to Keep Out Black Students |website=[[The Atlantic]] |date=September 19, 2019 |access-date=September 21, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920213156/https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2019/09/how-ut-used-standardized-testing-to-slow-integration/597814/ |archive-date=September 20, 2019 |url-status=live|last1=Price|first1=Asher}}</ref>

Following growth in enrollment after World War II, the university unveiled an ambitious master plan in 1960 designed for "10 years of growth" that was intended to "boost the University of Texas into the ranks of the top state universities in the nation."<ref name="shadows">{{cite book |last=Tretter |first=Elliot M. |date=2016 |title=Shadows of a Sunbelt City: The Environment, Racism, and The Knowledge Economy in Austin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6563CwAAQBAJ |location=Athens, Georgia |publisher=University of Georgia Press |pages=46–50 |isbn=978-0-8203-4489-8}}</ref> In 1965, the [[Texas Legislature]] granted the university Board of Regents to use [[eminent domain]] to purchase additional properties surrounding the original {{convert|40|acre|m2}}. The university began buying parcels of land to the north, south, and east of the existing campus, particularly in the [[Blackland, Austin, Texas|Blackland]] neighborhood to the east and the Brackenridge tract to the southeast, in hopes of using the land to relocate the university's intramural fields, baseball field, tennis courts, and parking lots.<ref name="shadows" />

On March 6, 1967, the Sixtieth Texas Legislature changed the university's official name from "The University of Texas" to "The University of Texas at Austin" to reflect the growth of the [[University of Texas System]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Legislative Reference Library of Texas, HB 222, 60th Regular Session|url=http://www.lrl.state.tx.us/legis/BillSearch/BillDetails.cfm?legSession=60-0&billtypeDetail=HB&billNumberDetail=222&billSuffixDetail=&startRow=1&IDlist=&unClicklist=&number=100|access-date=January 31, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904030139/http://www.lrl.state.tx.us/legis/BillSearch/BillDetails.cfm?legSession=60-0&billtypeDetail=HB&billNumberDetail=222&billSuffixDetail=&startRow=1&IDlist=&unClicklist=&number=100|archive-date=September 4, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>