Editing Urban design (section)

===Early modern era===

<gallery mode="packed" caption="Early modern">
File:Blv-haussmann-lafayette.jpg|[[Boulevard Haussmann]], Paris ([[Georges-Eugène Haussmann]])
File:Wien 01 Burgring b.jpg|[[Vienna Ring Road]], Vienna, ([[Georges-Eugène Haussmann]])
File:The Circus Bath 20040731.jpg|[[Circus (Bath)|Circus]], Bath completed in 1768
</gallery>
The beginnings of modern urban design in Europe are associated with the [[Renaissance]] but, especially, with the [[Age of Enlightenment]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Olegovich)|first=Shvidkovskiĭ, D. O. (Dmitriĭ|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/184966675|title=Russian architecture and the West|date=2007|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-300-10912-2|oclc=184966675}}</ref> Spanish colonial cities were often planned, as were some towns settled by other imperial cultures.<ref>{{Cite book|first=Jean-François|last=Lejeune|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/55846666|title=Cruelty & utopia : cities and landscapes of Latin America|date=2005|publisher=Princeton Architectural Press|isbn=1-56898-489-8|oclc=55846666}}</ref> These sometimes embodied utopian ambitions as well as aims for functionality and good governance, as with [[James Oglethorpe]]'s plan for [[Savannah, Georgia]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ebrahim|first=Yusuf|title=Lessons in tropical design: Erich Meffert and beyond|publisher=Ebenergy Enterprises Limited|year=2018|isbn=|pages=70–79|oclc=}}</ref> In the [[Baroque]] period the design approaches developed in French formal gardens such as [[Gardens of Versailles|Versailles]] were extended into urban development and redevelopment. In this period, when modern professional specializations did not exist, urban design was undertaken by people with skills in areas as diverse as [[sculpture]], [[architecture]], [[garden design]], [[surveying]], [[astronomy]], and [[military engineering]]. In the 18th and 19th centuries, urban design was perhaps most closely linked with surveyors engineers and architects. The increase in urban populations brought with it problems of epidemic disease, the response to which was a focus on public health, the rise in the UK of [[municipal engineering]] and the inclusion in British legislation of provisions such as minimum widths of street in relation to heights of buildings in order to ensure adequate light and [[Ventilation (architecture)|ventilation]].{{citation needed|date=January 2017}}

Much of [[Frederick Law Olmsted]]'s work was concerned with urban design, and the newly formed profession of [[landscape architecture]] also began to play a significant role in the late 19th century.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Eisenman|first=Theodore S.|date=2013-03-27|title=Frederick Law Olmsted, Green Infrastructure, and the Evolving City|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1538513212474227|journal=Journal of Planning History|volume=12|issue=4|pages=287–311|doi=10.1177/1538513212474227|s2cid=144997893|issn=1538-5132|url-access=subscription}}</ref>