Editing Urine test (section)

==Types==
Some examples of urine tests include:

===Chemistry===
[[File:Urine_Quicktest.jpg|thumb|right|upright=0.5|Urine dipstick used in [[urinalysis]]]]
*[[Urinalysis]] — assessment of the visual properties of the urine, chemical evaluation using [[urine test strips]], and microscopic examination{{sfn|McPherson|Pincus|2017|pp=441–3}}
*[[Urine creatinine]], [[creatinine clearance]] — used to assess [[Assessment of kidney function|kidney function]]{{sfn|McPherson|Pincus|2017|pp=167–8}}
*[[Albumin/creatinine ratio]] — used to diagnose [[microalbuminuria]]{{sfn|Turgeon|2016|p=255}}
*[[Urine osmolality]] — measure of the [[solute]] concentration of urine{{sfn|Brunzel|2018|pp=51–3}}
*[[Urine specific gravity]] ― another measure of urine concentration{{sfn|Brunzel|2018|pp=51–3}}
*[[Urine electrolyte levels]] — measurement of [[electrolytes]] such as [[sodium]] and [[potassium]] in urine<ref name="wu">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wu X | title = Urinalysis: a review of methods and procedures | journal = Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America | volume = 22 | issue = 1 | pages = 121–128 | date = March 2010 | pmid = 20193886 | doi = 10.1016/j.ccell.2009.10.012 }}</ref>
*[[Urine anion gap]] — used to distinguish between some causes of [[metabolic acidosis]]{{sfn|Reddi|2014|pp=13−4}}

===Hormones===
*[[Urine pregnancy test]] ― detects [[human chorionic gonadotropin]] in urine{{sfn|Turgeon|2016|p=216}}
*[[Urine cortisol]] ― used to investigate disorders of the [[adrenal gland]]s{{sfn|McPherson|Pincus|2017|p=391}}
*[[Urine metanephrines]] ― used to help diagnose some rare [[tumour]]s{{sfn|Rifai|Horvath|Wittwer|2018|p=1421}}

===Microbiology===
[[File:Urine cultured on Oxoid Brilliance UTI Agar plate.jpg|thumb|upright=0.5|right|Two urine specimens [[Microbiological culture|cultured]] on chromogenic [[Agar plate|agar]], which changes colour based on the bacterial species present]]
*[[Urine culture]] — [[microbiological culture]] of urine samples, used to identify bacteria causing [[urinary tract infection]]s{{sfn|Turgeon|2016|p=505}}

===Miscellaneous===
*[[Urine drug screen]] — screen for usage of [[recreational drug]]s<ref name="mayo"/>
*[[Urine cytology]] — [[cytopathological]] examination of cells in the urine, used to screen for cancer<ref name="xing">{{cite journal | vauthors = Xing J, Reynolds JP | title = Diagnostic Advances in Urine Cytology | journal = Surgical Pathology Clinics | volume = 11 | issue = 3 | pages = 601–610 | date = September 2018 | pmid = 30190143 | doi = 10.1016/j.path.2018.06.001 | s2cid = 52171396 }}</ref> 
*[[Urine protein electrophoresis]] — classification and measurement of different [[protein]]s in the urine; used to help diagnose [[monoclonal gammopathies]]{{sfn|McPherson|Pincus|2017|p=253}} 
*[[Urine organic acids]], [[urine amino acids]] — used to test for some [[inborn errors of metabolism]]{{sfn|Rifai|Horvath|Wittwer|2018|p=1697}}
{{clear}}