Editing Urum language (section)

==Phonology==

=== Vowels ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" |[[Front vowel|Front]]
! colspan="2" |[[Back vowel|Back]]
|-
!<small>unrounded</small>
![[Roundedness|<small>rounded</small>]]
!<small>unrounded</small>
![[Roundedness|<small>rounded</small>]]
|-
![[Close vowel|Close]]
|{{IPA link|i}}
|'''ü''' /{{IPA link|y}}/
|'''ı''' /{{IPA link|ɯ}}/
|{{IPA link|u}}
|-
![[Close-mid vowel|Close-mid]]
|{{IPA link|e}}
|
|
|{{IPA link|o}}
|-
![[Near-open vowel|Near-open]]
|'''ä''' /{{IPA link|æ}}/
|'''ö''' /{{IPA link|œ}}/
|
|
|-
![[Open vowel|Open]]
|
|
|{{IPA link|a}}
|
|}

==== Examples ====

* {{Transliteration|uum|šar}} - city<ref name=":0" />
* {{Transliteration|uum|äl}} - hand
* {{Transliteration|uum|göl}} - lake
* {{Transliteration|uum|yel}} - wind
* {{Transliteration|uum|yol}} - road
* {{Transliteration|uum|it}} - dog
* {{Transliteration|uum|üzüg}} - ring
* {{Transliteration|uum|ğız}} - girl
* {{Transliteration|uum|ğuš}} - bird

===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! colspan="2" |
! [[Labial consonant|Labial]]
! [[Dental consonant|Dental]]
! [[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! [[Postalveolar consonant|Postalveolar]]
! [[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! [[Velar consonant|Velar]]
! [[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| {{IPA link|m}}
|
| {{IPA link|n}}
|
|{{IPA link|ɲ}} {{grapheme|nʼ}}
| {{IPA link|ŋ}}
|
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[Plosive]]
! {{small|voiceless}}
| {{IPA link|p}}
|
| {{IPA link|t}}
|
| {{IPA link|c}} {{grapheme|tʼ}}
| {{IPA link|k}}
|
|-
! {{small|voiced}}
| {{IPA link|b}}
|
| {{IPA link|d}}
|
| {{IPA link|ɟ}} {{grapheme|dʼ}}
| {{IPA link|g}}
|
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[Affricate]]
! {{small|voiceless}}
|
|
| ({{IPA link|ts}})
| {{IPA link|tʃ}} {{grapheme|č}}
|
|
|
|-
! {{small|voiced}}
|
|
|
| {{IPA link|dʒ}} {{grapheme|ǰ}}
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[Fricative]]
! {{small|voiceless}}
| {{IPA link|f}}
| ({{IPA link|θ}})
| {{IPA link|s}}
| {{IPA link|ʃ}} {{grapheme|š}}
|
| {{IPA link|x}} {{grapheme|h}}
| {{IPA link|h}}
|-
! {{small|voiced}}
| {{IPA link|v}}
| ({{IPA link|ð}})
| {{IPA link|z}}
| {{IPA link|ʒ}} {{grapheme|ž}}
|
| {{IPA link|ɣ}} {{grapheme|ğ}}
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Approximant]]
|({{IPA link|w}})
|
|
|
| {{IPA link|j}}
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Lateral consonant|Lateral]]
!{{small|plain}}
|
|
|{{IPA link|l}}
|
|
|
|
|-
!{{small|velarized}}
|
|
|{{IPA link|ɫ}}
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Tap and flap consonants|Flap]]
|
|
| {{IPA link|ɾ}}
|
|{{IPA link|ɾʲ}} {{grapheme|rʼ}}
|
|
|}

/θ, ð/ appear solely in loanwords from [[Greek language|Greek]]. /t͡s/ appears in loanwords. [w] can be an allophone of /v/ after vowels.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Stavros|first=Skopeteas|date=2016|title=The Caucasian Urums and the Urum language/Kafkasya Urumları ve Urum Dili|url=https://pub.uni-bielefeld.de/publication/2900617|journal=Handbook of Endangered Turkic Languages}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Podolsky |first=Baruch |title=Notes on the Urum language |publisher=Harrassowitz Verlag |year=1986 |pages=99–112}}</ref>