Editing Use case (section)

== History ==

In 1987, [[Ivar Jacobson]] presented the first article on use cases at the [[OOPSLA]]'87 conference.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last1=Dr. Ivar Jacobson|last2=Ian Spence|last3=Kurt Bittner|date=December 2011|title=Use-Case 2.0 ebook|url=https://www.ivarjacobson.com/publications/white-papers/use-case-ebook|access-date=9 August 2020|website=Ivar Jacobson International|page=4|language=en}}</ref> He described how this technique was used at [[Ericsson]] to capture and specify requirements of a system using textual, structural, and [[visual modeling]] techniques to drive object-oriented analysis and design.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Jacobson|first=Ivar|date=1 December 1987|title=Object-oriented development in an industrial environment|url=http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=38807.38824|journal=ACM SIGPLAN Notices|language=en|volume=22|issue=12|pages=183–191|doi=10.1145/38807.38824}}</ref> Originally he had used the terms ''usage scenarios'' and ''usage case'' – the latter a direct translation of his Swedish term ''användningsfall'' – but found that neither of these terms sounded natural in English, and eventually he settled on ''use case''.<ref name="Cockburn">{{cite web|last=Cockburn|first=Alistair|date=March 2002|title=Use cases, ten years later|url=http://alistair.cockburn.us/index.php/Use_cases%2C_ten_years_later|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915162727/http://alistair.cockburn.us/index.php/Use_cases%2C_ten_years_later|archive-date=15 September 2008|access-date=17 April 2013|website=Alistair.cockburn.us|publisher=Alistair Cockburn}}</ref>

In 1992 he co-authored the book ''Object-Oriented Software Engineering - A Use Case Driven Approach'',<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|last1=Jacobson Ivar|title=Object-oriented software engineering: a use case driven approach|last2=Christerson Magnus|last3=Jonsson Patrik|last4=Övergaard Gunnar|publisher=ACM Press|year=1992|isbn=0-201-54435-0|oclc=26132801}}</ref> which laid the foundation of the [[Object-oriented software engineering|OOSE]] system engineering method and helped to popularize use cases for capturing [[functional requirements]], especially in [[software development]]. In 1994 he published a book about use cases and object-oriented techniques applied to [[business model]]s and [[Business process re-engineering|business process reengineering]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|last1=Jacobson, Ivar.|title=The object advantage : business process reengineering with object technology|last2=Ericsson, Maria|last3=Jacobson, Agneta|date=1995|publisher=Addison-Wesley|isbn=0-201-42289-1|oclc=32276135}}</ref>

At the same time, [[Grady Booch]] and [[James Rumbaugh]] worked at unifying their [[object-oriented analysis and design]] methods, the [[Booch method]] and [[Object-modeling technique|Object Modeling Technique (OMT)]] respectively.  In 1995 Ivar Jacobson joined them and together they created the [[Unified Modeling Language|Unified Modelling Language (UML)]], which includes use case modeling. UML was standardized by the [[Object Management Group|Object Management Group (OMG)]] in 1997.<ref>{{Cite web|title=About the Unified Modeling Language Specification Version 2.5.1|url=https://www.omg.org/spec/UML/#spec-versions-formal|access-date=9 August 2020|website=www.omg.org}}</ref> Jacobson, Booch and Rumbaugh also worked on a refinement of the [[Objectory]] software development process. The resulting [[Unified Process]] was published in 1999 and promoted a use case driven approach.<ref name=":5">{{Cite book|title=The unified software development process|date=1999|publisher=Addison-Wesley|author1=Jacobson, Ivar| author2=Booch, Grady| author3=Rumbaugh, Jim|isbn=0-201-57169-2|location=Reading, Massachusetts|oclc=636807532}}</ref>

Since then, many authors have contributed to the development of the technique, notably:   [[Larry Constantine]] developed in 1995, in the context of [[usage-centered design]], so called "essential use-cases" that aim to describe user intents rather than sequences of actions or scenarios which might constrain or bias the design of user interface;<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal|last=Constantine|first=Larry L.|s2cid=17209049|date=1 April 1995|title=Essential modeling: use cases for user interfaces|url=http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=205350.205356|journal=Interactions|volume=2|issue=2|pages=34–46|doi=10.1145/205350.205356|url-access=subscription}}</ref> [[Alistair Cockburn]] published in 2000 a goal-oriented use case practice based on text narratives and tabular specifications;<ref name=":7">{{Cite book|last=Cockburn, Alistair.|title=Writing effective use cases|url=https://www.academia.edu/57581336|date=2001|publisher=Addison-Wesley|isbn=0-201-70225-8|oclc=44046973}}</ref> Kurt Bittner and Ian Spence developed in 2002 advanced practices for analyzing functional requirements with use cases;<ref name=":8">{{Cite book|last=Bittner, Kurt|title=Use case modeling|date=2003|publisher=Addison Wesley|others=Spence, Ian|isbn=0-201-70913-9|oclc=50041546}}</ref> Dean Leffingwell and Don Widrig proposed to apply use cases to change management and stakeholder communication activities;<ref>{{Cite book|last=Leffingwell, Dean.|title=Managing software requirements : a use case approach|date=2003|publisher=Addison-Wesley|others=Widrig, Don.|isbn=0-321-12247-X|edition=2nd|oclc=51653240}}</ref> Gunnar Overgaard proposed in 2004 to extend the principles of design patterns to use cases.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Övergaard|first1=Gunnar|title=Use cases : patterns and blueprints|date=2005|publisher=Addison-Wesley|last2=Palmkvist|first2=Karin|isbn=0-13-145134-0|location=Indianapolis, Ind.|oclc=59554401}}</ref>

In 2011, Jacobson published with Ian Spence and Kurt Bittner the ebook ''Use Case 2.0'' to adapt the technique to an agile context, enriching it with incremental use case "slices", and promoting its use across the full development lifecycle<ref name=":0">
{{cite web|last1=Jacobson|first1=Ivar|author-link1=Ivar Jacobson|last2=Spence|first2=Ian|author-link2=Ian Spence (software engineer)|last3=Bittner|first3=Kurt|date=December 2011|title=Use Case 2.0: The Guide to Succeeding with Use Cases|url=http://www.ivarjacobson.com/download.ashx?id=1282|access-date=5 May 2014|publisher=Ivar Jacobson International}}</ref> after having presented the renewed approach at the annual [[International Institute of Business Analysis|IIBA]] conference.<ref>{{cite web|title=Business Analysis Conference Europe 2011 - 26-28 September 2011, London, UK|url=http://www.irmuk.co.uk/BA2011/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617191510/https://irmuk.co.uk/BA2011/|archive-date=17 June 2013|access-date=17 April 2013|publisher=Irmuk.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=27 September 2011|title=Use-Case 2.0 Presentation|url=https://www.ivarjacobson.com/publications/presentations/use-case-20-presentation|access-date=9 August 2020|website=Ivar Jacobson International|language=en|archive-date=23 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923204540/https://www.ivarjacobson.com/publications/presentations/use-case-20-presentation|url-status=dead}}</ref>