Editing Vacuum extraction (section)

==History==
In 1849 the [[Edinburgh]] professor of obstetrics [[James Young Simpson]], subsequently known for pioneering the use of [[chloroform]] in childbirth, designed the Air Tractor which consisted of a metal syringe attached to a soft rubber cup.<ref name=EMed271175>{{EMedicine|article|271175|Vacuum Extraction}}</ref>  This was the earliest known vacuum extractor to assist childbirth but it did not become popular.<ref name=BBCVenema>{{cite web | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-25137800 | title=Odon childbirth device: Car mechanic uncorks a revolution | first=Vibeke | last= Venema | publisher=BBC World Service | date=3 December 2013 | access-date=2013-12-04}}</ref> Swedish professor Tage Malmstrom developed the ventouse, or Malmstrom extractor in the 1950s. Originally made with a metal cap, new materials such as plastics and siliconised rubber have improved the design so that it is now used more than forceps.<ref name=BBCVenema /><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Goordyal D, Anderson J, Alazmani A, Culmer P |title=An engineering perspective of vacuum assisted delivery devices in obstetrics: A review |journal=Proc Inst Mech Eng H |volume=235 |issue=1 |pages=3–16 |date=January 2021 |pmid=32928047 |pmc=7780266 |doi=10.1177/0954411920956467 }}</ref>

Vacuum delivery as a percentage of vaginal births vary depending on location. In the USA they comprise about 10% to 15% of vaginal births while in Italy 4.8% of vaginal births were delivered via vacuum in 2013.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Svelato A, Carabaneanu A, Sergiampietri C, Mannella P, D'Avino S, De Luca C, Bartolone M, Angioli R, Ragusa A |title="To get the baby out off the hook": a prospective, longitudinal, multicenter, observational study about decision making in vacuum-assisted operative vaginal delivery |journal=BMC Pregnancy Childbirth |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=128 |date=February 2022 |pmid=35172781 |pmc=8848824 |doi=10.1186/s12884-022-04440-5 |doi-access=free }}</ref>