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Van 't Hoff factor
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== Physical significance of {{mvar|i}} == [[File:Carboxylic acid dimers.svg|thumb|Dimerization of a carboxylic acid by formation of [[hydrogen bond]]s (shown as dotted lines)]] * When solute particles associate in solution, {{mvar|i}} is less than 1. For example, [[carboxylic acid]]s such as [[acetic acid]] (ethanoic acid) or [[benzoic acid]] form [[Dimer (chemistry)|dimers]] in benzene, so that the number of solute particles is half the number of acid molecules. * When solute particles [[dissociate]] in solution, {{mvar|i}} is greater than 1 (e.g. [[sodium chloride]] in water, [[potassium chloride]] in water, [[magnesium chloride]] in water). * When solute particles neither dissociate nor associate in solution, {{mvar|i}} equals 1 (e.g. [[glucose]] in water). The value of {{mvar|i}} is the actual number of particles in solution after dissociation divided by the number of formula units initially dissolved in solution and means the number of particles per formula unit of the solute when a solution is dilute.
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