Editing Vasoconstriction (section)

===Examples===
Examples include [[stimulants]], [[amphetamine]]s, and [[antihistamine]]s. Many are used in medicine to treat [[hypotension]] and as [[topical decongestant]]s. Vasoconstrictors are also used clinically to increase [[blood pressure]] or to reduce local blood flow. [[Local anesthetics and vasoconstrictors|Vasoconstrictors mixed with local anesthetics]] are used to increase the duration of local anesthesia by constricting the blood vessels, thereby safely concentrating the anesthetic agent for an extended duration, as well as reducing [[hemorrhage]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Yagiela JA |title=Vasoconstrictor agents for local anesthesia |journal=Anesth Prog |volume=42 |issue=3–4 |pages=116–20 |year=1995 |pmid=8934977 |pmc=2148913}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Moodley |first1=D. S. |title=Local anaesthetics in dentistry - Part 3: Vasoconstrictors in local anaesthetics |journal=South African Dental Journal |date=May 2017 |volume=72 |issue=4 |pages=176–178 |hdl=10566/3893 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>

The [[routes of administration]] vary. They may be both systemic and topical. For example, [[pseudoephedrine]] is taken orally and [[phenylephrine]] is topically applied to the nasal passages or eyes.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Salerno |first1=Stephen M. |last2=Jackson |first2=Jeffrey L. |last3=Berbano |first3=Elizabeth P. |title=Effect of Oral Pseudoephedrine on Blood Pressure and Heart Rate: A Meta-analysis |journal=Archives of Internal Medicine |date=8 August 2005 |volume=165 |issue=15 |pages=1686–1694 |doi=10.1001/archinte.165.15.1686 |pmid=16087815 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Horak |first1=Friedrich |last2=Zieglmayer |first2=Petra |last3=Zieglmayer |first3=René |last4=Lemell |first4=Patrick |last5=Yao |first5=Ruji |last6=Staudinger |first6=Heribert |last7=Danzig |first7=Melvyn |title=A placebo-controlled study of the nasal decongestant effect of phenylephrine and pseudoephedrine in the Vienna Challenge Chamber |journal=Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology |date=February 2009 |volume=102 |issue=2 |pages=116–120 |doi=10.1016/s1081-1206(10)60240-2 |pmid=19230461 }}</ref> Examples include:<ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1007/7854_2016_64 |chapter=Pharmacology and Toxicology of N-Benzylphenethylamine ('NBOMe') Hallucinogens |title=Neuropharmacology of New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) |series=Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences |date=2017 |last1=Halberstadt |first1=Adam L. |volume=32 |pages=283–311 |pmid=28097528 |isbn=978-3-319-52442-9 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Echeverri |first1=Darío |last2=Montes |first2=Félix R. |last3=Cabrera |first3=Mariana |last4=Galán |first4=Angélica |last5=Prieto |first5=Angélica |title=Caffeine's Vascular Mechanisms of Action |journal=International Journal of Vascular Medicine |date=25 August 2010 |volume=2010 |pages=1–10 |doi=10.1155/2010/834060 |pmid=21188209 |pmc=3003984 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Laccourreye |first1=O. |last2=Werner |first2=A. |last3=Giroud |first3=J.-P. |last4=Couloigner |first4=V. |last5=Bonfils |first5=P. |last6=Bondon-Guitton |first6=E. |date=2015 |title=Benefits, limits and danger of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine as nasal decongestants |journal=European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Diseases |volume=132 |issue=1 |pages=31–34 |doi=10.1016/j.anorl.2014.11.001 |pmid=25532441 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Vasoconstrictors
|-
|[[25I-NBOMe]]
|-
|[[Amphetamine]]s
|-
|[[Alpha-Methyltryptamine|AMT]]
|-
|[[Antihistamines]]
|-
|[[Caffeine]]
|-
|[[Cocaine]]
|-
|[[2,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine|DOM]]
|-
|[[Ergometrine]]
|-
|[[Ergine|LSA]]
|-
|[[Lysergic acid diethylamide|LSD]]
|-
|[[Methylphenidate]]
|-
|[[Mephedrone]]
|-
|[[Naphazoline]]
|-
|[[Nicotine]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Hwang |first1=Kun |last2=Son |first2=Ji Soo |last3=Ryu |first3=Woo Kyung |date=November 2018 |title=Smoking and Flap Survival |journal=Plastic Surgery (Oakville, Ont.) |volume=26 |issue=4 |pages=280–285 |doi=10.1177/2292550317749509 |issn=2292-5503 |pmc=6236508 |pmid=30450347}}</ref>
|-
|[[Oxymetazoline]]
|-
|[[Phenylephrine]]
|-
|[[Propylhexedrine]]
|-
|[[Pseudoephedrine]]
|-
|[[Stimulant]]s
|-
|[[Tetrahydrozoline|Tetrahydrozoline hydrochloride]] (in eye drops)
|-
|[[Xylometazoline]]
|}