Editing Voiced alveolar fricative (section)

===Occurrence===

====Dentalized laminal alveolar====
{| class="wikitable"
!colspan=2| Language !! Word !! [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] !! Meaning !! Notes
|-
| [[Armenian language|Armenian]]||[[Eastern Armenian|Eastern]]{{sfnp|Kozintseva|1995|p=7}} || {{lang| am|[[Armenian alphabet|'''զ'''արդ/zart]]}} || {{Audio-IPA|zɑɾtʰ.ogg|[z̪ɑɾt̪ʰ]}} || 'decoration' ||
|-
|colspan=2| [[Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]]{{sfnp|Axundov|1983|pp=115, 136, 139–142}} || {{lang|az-Latn|[[Azerbaijani alphabet|'''z'''oğ]]}} || {{IPA|[z̪ɔʁ]}} || 'sprout' ||
|-
|colspan=2| [[Belarusian language|Belarusian]]{{sfnp|Padluzhny|1989|p=47}} || {{lang|be|[[Belarusian alphabet|ба'''з'''а/baza]]}} || {{IPA|[ˈbäz̪ä]}} || 'base' || Contrasts with [[Palatalization (phonetics)|palatalized]] form. See [[Belarusian phonology]]
|-
|colspan=2| [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]]{{sfnp|Klagstad|1958|p=46}} || {{lang|bg|[[Bulgarian alphabet|е'''з'''еро/ezero]]}} || {{IPA|[ˈɛz̪ɛro]}} || 'lake' || Contrasts with palatalized form.
|-

|-
|colspan=2| [[Czech language|Czech]]{{sfnp|Palková|1994|p=228}} || {{lang|cs|[[Czech orthography|'''z'''ima]]}} || {{IPA|[ˈz̪ɪmä]}} || 'winter' || See [[Czech phonology]]
|-
| [[English language|English]] || [[Multicultural London English|Multicultural London]]<ref>{{cite web|title=english speech services {{!}} Accent of the Year / sibilants in MLE|date=31 December 2011|url=http://englishspeechservices.com/blog/accent-of-the-year-sibilants-in-mle/|access-date=2 December 2015}}</ref> || ''[[English orthography|'''z'''oo]]'' || {{IPA|[z̪ʏˑy̯]}} || 'zoo' || See [[English phonology]]
|-
|colspan=2| [[French language|French]]{{sfnp|Adams|1975|p=288}}{{sfnp|Fougeron|Smith|1999|p=79}} || {{lang|fr|[[French orthography|'''z'''èbre]]}} || {{Audio-IPA|LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-zèbre.wav|[z̪ɛbʁ]}} || 'zebra' || See [[French phonology]]
|-
|colspan=2| [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]]{{sfnp|Szende|1999|p=104}} || {{lang|hu|[[Hungarian orthography|'''z'''álog]]}} || {{IPA|[ˈz̪äːl̪oɡ]}} || '[[pledge (law)|pledge]]' || See [[Hungarian phonology]]
|-
|colspan=2| [[Kashubian language|Kashubian]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Fonetyka i fonologia|author=Jerzy Treder|url=http://www.rastko.net/rastko-ka/index2.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=227&pop=1&page=0&Itemid=26|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000614/http://www.rastko.net/rastko-ka/index2.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=227&pop=1&page=0&Itemid=26|archive-date=2016-03-04}}</ref> ||colspan=2 align=center| {{example needed|date=November 2013}} || ||
|-
|colspan=2| [[Kazakh language|Kazakh]]{{sfnp|Kara|2002|p=10}} || {{lang|kk|[[Kazakh alphabets|'''з'''аң/'''z'''ań]]}}|| rowspan="2" | {{IPA|[z̪ɑŋ]}} || rowspan="2" | 'law' ||
|-
|colspan=2| [[Kyrgyz language|Kyrgyz]]{{sfnp|Kara|2003|p=11}} || {{lang|ky|[[Kyrgyz alphabet|'''з'''аң/zań]]}} ||
|-
|colspan=2| [[Latvian language|Latvian]]{{sfnp|Nau|1998|p=6}} || {{lang|lv|[[Latvian alphabet|'''z'''ars]]}} || {{IPA|[z̪ärs̪]}} || 'branch' || See [[Latvian phonology]]
|-
|colspan=2| [[Macedonian language|Macedonian]]{{sfnp|Lunt|1952|p=1}} || {{lang|mk|[[Macedonian alphabet|'''з'''ошто/zošto]]}} || {{IPA|[ˈz̪ɔʃt̪ɔ]}} || 'why' || See [[Macedonian phonology]]
|-
|colspan=2| [[Mirandese language|Mirandese]] || {{lang|mwl|[[Portuguese orthography|daprendi'''z'''aige]]}} || {{IPA|[d̪əpɾẽd̪iˈz̪ajʒ(ɯ̽)]}} || 'learning' || Contrasts seven [[sibilant consonant|sibilants]] altogether, preserving medieval [[Ibero-Romance]] contrasts.
|-
|colspan=2| [[Polish language|Polish]]<ref name=PNFK/>{{sfnp|Rocławski|1976|pp=149}} || {{lang|pl|[[Polish orthography|'''z'''ero]]}} || {{Audio-IPA|Pl-zero.ogg|[ˈz̪ɛrɔ]}} || 'zero' || See [[Polish phonology]]
|-
| [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] || Most speakers || {{lang|pt|[[Portuguese orthography|Estado'''s''' Unidos]]}} || {{IPA|[isˈt̪ad̪uz̪‿ʉˈnid͡zᶶ(ˢ)]}} || 'United States' || See [[Portuguese phonology]]
|-
|colspan=2| [[Romanian language|Romanian]]<ref>{{cite web|author=Ovidiu Drăghici|title=Limba Română contemporană. Fonetică. Fonologie. Ortografie. Lexicologie|url=http://cis01.central.ucv.ro/litere/idd/cursuri/an_1/limba_rom_cont/lrc_an1_draghici.pdf|access-date=April 19, 2013}}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> || {{lang|ro|[[Romanian alphabet|'''z'''ar]]}} || {{IPA|[z̪är]}} || 'dice'|| See [[Romanian phonology]]
|-
|colspan=2| [[Russian language|Russian]]{{sfnp|Chew|2003|p=67}} || {{lang|ru|[[Russian orthography|'''з'''аезжать]] / [[Romanization of Russian|'''z'''aězžať]]}} || {{Audio-IPA|Ru-заезжать.ogg|[z̪əɪˈʑʑætʲ]}} || 'to pick up' || Contrasts with palatalized form. See [[Russian phonology]]
|-
|colspan=2| [[Serbo-Croatian]]{{sfnp|Kordić|2006|p=5}}{{sfnp|Landau|Lončarić|Horga|Škarić|1999|p=67}} || {{lang|sh-Cyrl|[[Serbian Cyrillic alphabet|'''з'''ајам]]}} / {{lang|sh-Latn|[[Gaj's Latin alphabet|'''z'''ajam]]}} || {{IPA|[z̪ǎːjäm]}} || 'loan' || See [[Serbo-Croatian phonology]]
|-
|colspan=2| [[Slovak language|Slovak]] || {{lang|sk|[[Slovak alphabet|'''z'''ima]]}} || {{IPA|[ˈz̪imä]}} || 'winter' ||
|-
|colspan=2| [[Slovene language|Slovene]]<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Pretnar|Tokarz|1980|p=21}}</ref> || {{lang|sl|[[Slovene orthography|'''z'''ima]]}} || {{IPA|[ˈz̪ìːmá]}}|| 'winter' ||
|-
|colspan=2| [[Turkish language|Turkish]]{{sfnp|Adams|1975|p=288}}{{sfnp|Zimmer|Orgun|1999|p=154}} || {{lang|tr|[[Turkish alphabet|gö'''z''']]}} || {{IPA|[ɟø̞̈z̪]}} || 'eye' || See [[Turkish phonology]]
|-
|colspan=2| [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Buk|first1=Solomija|last2=Mačutek|first2=Ján|last3=Rovenchak|first3=Andrij|year=2008|title=Some properties of the Ukrainian writing system|journal=Glottometrics|volume=16|issue=16|pages=63–79|arxiv=0802.4198|bibcode=2008arXiv0802.4198B}} (PDF [https://www.ram-verlag.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/g16zeit.pdf#page=66 ram-verlag.eu])</ref> || {{lang|uk|[[Ukrainian alphabet|'''з'''уб/zub]]}} || {{IPA|[z̪ub]}} || 'tooth' || Contrasts with [[Palatalization (phonetics)|palatalized]] form. See [[Ukrainian phonology]]
|-
|colspan=2| [[Upper Sorbian language|Upper Sorbian]]{{sfnp|Šewc-Schuster|1984|pp=22, 38, 39}} || ''ko'''z'''a'' || {{IPA|[ˈkɔz̪ä]}} || 'goat' ||
|-
|colspan=2| [[Uzbek language|Uzbek]]{{sfnp|Sjoberg|1963|p=11}} || {{lang|uz-Latn|[[Uzbek alphabet|'''z'''afar]]}} || {{IPA|[z̪äˈfäɾ]}}|| 'victory'
| 
|-
| [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]] || Hanoi{{sfnp|Thompson|1987|pp=5 and 7}} || {{lang|vi|[[Vietnamese alphabet|'''d'''a]]}} || {{IPA|[z̪äː]}} || 'skin' || See [[Vietnamese phonology]]
|}

====Non-retracted alveolar====
{| class="wikitable"
!colspan=2| Language !! Word !! [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]!! Meaning !! Notes
|-
|colspan=2| [[Adyghe language|Adyghe]] || {{lang|kbd-Cyrl|[[Cyrillic script|'''з'''ы]]}} || {{Audio-IPA|Ady-зы.ogg|[ˈzə]}}|| 'one'||
|-
|colspan=2| [[Albanian language|Albanian]]|| {{lang|sq|[[Albanian alphabet|'''z'''jarr]]|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[zjar]}}|| 'fire'||
|-
| [[Arabic language|Arabic]] || Standard{{sfnp|Thelwall|1990|p=37}} || {{lang|ar|[[Arabic alphabet|زائِر]]|rtl=yes}}|| {{IPA|[ˈzaːʔir]}}||'visitor'|| See [[Arabic phonology]]
|-
|colspan=2| [[Assamese language|Assamese]] || {{lang|as|[[Assamese alphabet|'''জ'''লকীয়া]]}} || {{IPA|[zɔlɔkija]}} || 'chili' ||
|-
|colspan=2| [[Assyrian Neo-Aramaic|Assyrian]]|| ܙܢ̱ܓܐ '''z'''ìga||{{IPA|[ziɡa]}}|| 'bell'||
|-
|colspan=2| [[Bengali language|Bengali]] || {{lang|bn|[[Bengali alphabet|নামা'''জ''']]}} ||{{IPA|[namaz]}} || '[[Salah]]' || Mostly in loanwords and often replaced by {{IPAblink|dʒ}}. <br> See [[Bengali phonology]]
|-
|colspan=2| [[Breton language|Breton]]|| {{lang|br|ili'''z'''|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[iliz]}}|| 'church'||
|-
|colspan=2| [[Chechen language|Chechen]]|| [[Cyrillic script|'''з'''урма]] / {{lang|ce-Latn|'''z'''urma}} || {{IPA|[zuɾma]}} || 'music'||
|-
| rowspan=2 | [[Dutch language|Dutch]] || Belgian Standard{{sfnp|Collins|Mees|2003|p=190}} || rowspan=2 | {{lang|nl|[[Dutch orthography|'''z'''eep]]}} || {{Audio-IPA|Nl-zeep (Belgium).ogg|[zeːpʰ]|help=no}} || rowspan=2 | ‘soap’ || Laminal.{{sfnp|Collins|Mees|2003|p=190}} See [[Dutch phonology]]
|-
| Northern Standard{{sfnp|Collins|Mees|2003|pp=145, 190}}{{sfnp|Gussenhoven|1999|p=75}} || {{Audio-IPA|Nl-zeep.ogg|[zeɪpʰ]|help=no}} || Laminal; may have only mid-to-low pitched friction. It is often [[Voiced alveolar fricative#Retracted alveolar|retracted]] when preconsonantal, after rounded vowels and {{IPA|/r/}}.{{sfnp|Collins|Mees|2003|pp=145, 190}} <br> See [[Dutch phonology]]
|-
|[[Emilian dialects|Emilian]] ||[[Bolognese dialect|Bolognese]]
|ra'''ṡ'''ån || {{IPA|[raːz̺ʌŋ]}} ||'reason'
|Palatalized apical; may be {{IPAblink|ʐ}} or {{IPAblink|ʒ}} instead.
|-
|colspan=2| [[English language|English]] || ''[[English orthography|'''z'''oo]]'' || {{Audio-IPA|zoo-pronunciation-audio-nonmulticultural.ogg|[zuː]|help=no}} || 'zoo' || Absent from some Scottish and Asian dialects. See [[English phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Esperanto]] || {{lang|eo|[[Esperanto orthography|ku'''z'''o]]|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[ˈkuzo]}}|| 'cousin' || See [[Esperanto phonology]]
|-
|colspan=2| [[Georgian language|Georgian]]{{sfnp|Shosted|Chikovani|2006|p=255}} || {{lang|ka|[[Georgian alphabet|'''ზ'''არი]]}} || {{IPA|[ˈzɑɾi]}} || 'bell' ||
|-
|[[Greek language|Greek]] || Athens dialect{{sfnp|Adams|1975|p=283}} || {{lang|el|[[Greek alphabet|'''ζ'''άλη]]}} / [[Romanization of Greek|'''''z'''áli'']] || {{IPA|[ˈz̻ali]}}|| 'dizziness' || See [[Modern Greek phonology]]
|-
|colspan=2| [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] || {{lang|he|[[Hebrew orthography|זאב]]|rtl=yes}} || {{IPA|[zeˈʔev]}}|| 'wolf'|| See [[Modern Hebrew phonology]]
|-
|rowspan=2|[[Hindustani language|Hindustani]]
|[[Hindi]]
|{{lang|hi|[[Devanagri|'''ज़'''मीन]]}}
|rowspan=2|{{IPA|[zəmiːn]}}
|rowspan=2|'land'
|rowspan=2|May be replaced in Hindi by {{IPAblink|dʒ}}. See [[Hindustani phonology]]
|-
|[[Urdu language|Urdu]]
|{{lang|ur|[[nasta'liq|زمین]]|rtl=yes}}
|-
|colspan=2| [[Japanese language|Japanese]]{{sfnp|Okada|1999|p=117}} || {{lang|ja-Hani|[[kanji|全部]]}} / {{lang|ja-Latn|[[Romanization of Japanese|'''z'''enbu]]}}|| {{IPA|[zembɯ]}}|| 'everything'|| Might be replaced with {{IPAblink|dz}}. See [[Japanese phonology]]
|-
|colspan=2| [[Kabardian language|Kabardian]] || {{lang|kbd-Cyrl|[[Cyrillic script|'''з'''ы]]}} || {{Audio-IPA|Ady-зы.ogg|[ˈzə]}}|| 'one'||
|-
|colspan=2| [[Kalaw Lagaw Ya]] || {{lang|mwp-Latn|'''z'''ilami'''z'''}}|| {{IPA|[zilʌmiz]}}|| 'go'||
|-
|colspan=2| [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]] || {{lang|hi|[[Devanagri|ज़ानुन]]}} / {{lang|ur|[[nasta'liq|زانُن]]|rtl=yes}}|| {{IPA|[zaːnun]}}|| 'to know'||
|-
|colspan="2" | [[Khmer language|Khmer]] || {{lang|km|[[Khmer script|បែលហ្ស៊ិក]]}} / {{Transliteration|km|bêl'''hs'''ĭk}} || {{IPA|[ɓaelzɨk]}} || ''noun'': 'Belgium', 'Belgian(s)'<br />''adjective'': 'Belgian' || See [[Khmer phonology]]
|-
|colspan=2| [[Konda language (Dravidian)|Konda]]{{sfnp|Emeneau|1970}}{{sfnp|Krishnamurti|2003|p=70}}
| ''sun'''z'''''
| {{IPA|[sunz]}}
| 'to sleep'
|
|-
|colspan=2| [[Malay language|Malay]] || [[Malay alphabet|''be'''z'''a'']] || {{IPA|[bezə]}} || 'difference' ||
|-
|colspan=2| [[Maltese language|Maltese]]|| {{lang|mt|[[Maltese alphabet|'''ż'''elu]]|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[zelu]}}|| 'zeal' ||
|-
|colspan=2| [[Marathi language|Marathi]]|| {{lang|mr|[[Devanagari|'''ज'''र]]}} || {{IPA|[zər]}}|| 'if' || See [[Marathi phonology]].
|-
|colspan=2 rowspan=4| [[Nepali language|Nepali]]|| {{lang|ne|[[Devanagari|ह'''जा'''र]]}}|| {{IPA|[ɦʌzäɾ]}}|| 'thousand' ||rowspan=4| Coda and intervocalic allophone of /d͡z/ and /d͡zʱ/.<ref name="pokharel">{{citation|last=Pokharel|first=Madhav Prasad|year=1989|title=Experimental analysis of Nepali sound system|type=PhD|publisher=University of Pune, India}}</ref>
|- 
|{{lang|ne|[[Devanagari|काग'''ज''']]}}|| {{IPA|[käɣʌz]}}|| 'paper'  
|-
| {{lang|ne|[[Devanagari|बु'''झा'''उनु]]}}|| {{IPA|[buzäu̯nu]}}|| 'to explain'
|- 
| {{lang|ne|[[Devanagari|मा'''झ''']]}} || {{IPA|[mäz]}}|| 'middle'  
|-
| [[Occitan language|Occitan]] || [[Limousin dialect|Limousin]]|| '''''j'''òune'' || {{IPA|[ˈzɒwne]}}|| 'young' || See [[Occitan phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Persian language|Persian]] || {{lang|fa|رو'''ز'''}}|| [ɾuːz] || 'day' ||
|-
|colspan=2| [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]{{sfnp|Cruz-Ferreira|1995|p=91}} || {{lang|pt|[[Portuguese orthography|ca'''s'''a]]|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[ˈkazɐ]}}|| 'house'|| See [[Portuguese phonology]]
|-
|rowspan=2|[[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] 
| [[Gurmukhi]]
| {{lang|pa|[[Gurmukhi|ਹ'''ਜ਼ਾ'''ਰ]]}}
|rowspan=2| {{IPA|[həˈzaːr]}}
|rowspan=2| 'thousand'
|rowspan=2|May be replaced by {{IPAblink|dʒ}} in [[Gurmukhi]] (Indian) varieties.
|-
| [[Shahmukhi]]
| {{lang|pa|[[shahmukhi|ہزار]]|rtl=yes}}
|-
| rowspan="3" | [[Spanish language|Spanish]] || [[Andalusian Spanish|Andalusian]] ||rowspan=3| {{lang|es|[[Spanish orthography|comuni'''s'''mo]]|italic=yes}} ||rowspan=3| {{IPA|[ko̞muˈnizmo̞]}} ||rowspan=3| '[[Communism]]' ||rowspan=3| Allophone of {{IPA|/s/}} before voiced consonants, when it is not [[Debuccalization|debuccalized]] to {{IPA|[{{IPAplink|h}} ~ {{IPAplink|ɦ}}]}}. Present in dialects which realize {{IPA|/s/}} as a non-retracted alveolar fricative. Before {{IPA|/d/}} it is dental {{IPA|[z̪]}}.
|-
| [[Latin American Spanish|Latin American]]
|-
| [[Philippine Spanish|Filipino]]
|-
|colspan=2| [[Swahili language|Swahili]]|| {{lang|sw|[[Latin script|la'''z'''ima]]|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[lɑzimɑ]}}|| 'must'||
|-
| [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| [[Jaffna Tamil dialect|Jaffna Tamil]]
| {{lang|sq|[[Tamil script|கடுதா'''சி''']]}}
| {{IPA|[kɐɖuðaːzi]}}
| 'letter'
| Was only reported for 1 speaker in the sample but he pronounced it regularly.<ref>{{cite book 
|first=Kamil
|last=Zvelebil
|title=Some features of Ceylon Tamil
|series=Indo-Iranian Journal
|year=1965
|volume=9
|issue=2
|pages=113–138
|publisher=JSTOR
|jstor=24650188
|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24650188
}}</ref>
|-
|colspan=2| [[West Frisian language|West Frisian]]{{sfnp|Sipma|1913|p=16}} || {{lang|fy|si'''zz'''e|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[ˈsɪzə]}} || 'to say' || It never occurs in word-initial positions. See [[West Frisian phonology]]
|-
|colspan=2| [[Nuosu language|Yi]] || {{lang|ii|[[Yi script|ꍂ]]}} / {{lang|ii|[[Yi script|'''ss'''y]]|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[zɹ̩˧]}} || 'generation' ||
|-
|colspan=2| [[Yiddish language|Yiddish]] || {{lang|yi|[[Yiddish orthography|'''ז'''ון]]}} / {{lang|yi-Latn|[[Yiddish orthography|'''z'''ien]]|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[zin]}} || 'son' ||
|-
| [[Zapotec language|Zapotec]]|| [[Tilquiapan Zapotec|Tilquiapan]]{{sfnp|Merrill|2008|p=108}} || ''guana'''z''''' || {{IPA|[ɡʷanaz]}} || 'went to grab'||
|}

{{anchor|Voiced alveolar retracted fricative|Voiced apico-alveolar fricative|Voiced alveolar retracted sibilant}}

====Retracted alveolar====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan=2| Language !! Word !! [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]!! Meaning !! Notes
|-
|colspan=2| [[Catalan language|Catalan]]{{sfnp|Carbonell|Llisterri|1992|p=54}}{{sfnp|Torreblanca|1988|p=347}} || {{lang|ca|[[Catalan orthography|'''z'''el]]|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[ˈz̺ɛɫ]}} || 'zeal' || Apical. See [[Catalan phonology]]
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Dutch language|Dutch]]{{sfnp|Gussenhoven|1999|p=75}}
|'''''z'''at''
|{{Audio-IPA|Nl-zat.ogg|[ˈz̺ɑtʰ]|help=no}}
|'full', 'fed (up)'
|
|-
|colspan=2| [[Galician language|Galician]] || ''me'''s'''mo'' || {{IPA|[ˈme̞z̺mo̞]}} || 'same' || Apical. Allophone of {{IPA|/s/}} before voiced consonants. Before {{IPA|/d/}} it is pronounced dentally {{IPA|[z̪]}}.
|-
|colspan=2| [[Greek language|Greek]]{{sfnp|Arvaniti|2007|p=12}} || {{lang|el|[[Greek alphabet|μά'''ζ'''α]]}} / {{Transliteration|el|ISO|[[Romanization of Greek|''má'''z'''a'']]}} || {{IPA|[ˈmɐz̠ɐ]}} || 'mass' || See [[Modern Greek phonology]]
|-
|rowspan=3| [[Italian language|Italian]] || Central Italy{{sfnp|Adams|1975|p=286}} ||rowspan=3| {{lang|it|[[Italian alphabet|ca'''s'''o]]}} ||rowspan=3| {{IPA|[ˈkäːz̠o]}} ||rowspan=3| 'case' || Present in [[Lazio]] north of Cape Linaro,{{sfnp|Adams|1975|p=286}} most of [[Umbria]]{{sfnp|Adams|1975|p=286}} (save [[Perugia]] and the extreme south){{sfnp|Adams|1975|p=286}} and [[Le Marche]] south of the [[Potenza]].{{sfnp|Adams|1975|p=286}}
|-
| Northern Italy{{sfnp|Adams|1975|pp=285–286}}{{sfnp|Canepari|1992|p=71-72}} || Apical.{{sfnp|Canepari|1992|p=72}} Present in many areas north of the [[La Spezia–Rimini Line]].{{sfnp|Canepari|1992|p=71}}{{sfnp|Adams|1975|p=285}} See [[Italian phonology]]
|-
| [[Sicily]]{{sfnp|Adams|1975|p=286}} || Present south and west of a line drawn from [[Syracuse, Sicily|Syracuse]] to [[Cefalù]].{{sfnp|Adams|1975|p=286}}
|-
|colspan=2| [[Low German]]{{sfnp|Adams|1975|p=289}} || {{example needed|date=June 2014}} || || || 
|-
|colspan=2| [[Maldivian language|Maldivian]] || '''''z'''araafaa'' || {{IPA|[z̺aˈraːfaː]}} || 'giraffe' ||
|-
|colspan=2| [[Mirandese language|Mirandese]] || {{lang|mwl|[[Portuguese orthography|ei'''s'''istir]]|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[e̞jz̺is̺ˈtiɾ]}}|| 'to exist' || Apical. Mirandese and neighboring Portuguese dialects were the only surviving oral tradition to preserve all seven mediaeval [[Ibero-Romance]] sibilants: {{angbr|ch}} {{IPAslink|tʃ}}, {{angbr|x}} {{IPAslink|ʃ}}, {{angbr|g}}/{{angbr|j}} {{IPAslink|ʒ}}, {{angbr|c}}/{{angbr|ç}} {{IPAslink|s̪}}, {{angbr|z}} {{IPA|/z̪/}}, {{angbr|s}}/-{{angbr|ss}}- {{IPAslink|s̺}}, -{{angbr|s}}- {{IPA|/z̺/}}
|-
|rowspan=2| [[Occitan language|Occitan]] || [[Gascon language|Gascon]] || ''ca'''s'''èrna'' || {{IPA|[kaz̺ɛrno]}} || 'barracks' || rowspan="2" | See [[Occitan phonology]]
|-
| [[Languedocien language|Languedocien]] || ''vé'''s'''er'' || {{IPA|[bez̺e]}} || 'to see'
|-
|colspan=2| [[Piedmontese language|Piedmontese]]|| ''ami'''s'''''|| {{IPA|[aˈmiz̠]}} || 'friend' || Apical. See [[Piedmontese phonology|Piemontese phonology]]
|-
|rowspan=2| [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] || Coastal Northern [[European Portuguese|European]] || {{example needed|date=November 2012}} || || || Merges with non-retracted {{IPA|/z/}}. See [[Portuguese phonology]]
|-
| Inland Northern [[European Portuguese|European]] || {{example needed|date=November 2012}}|| || || Apical. Contrasts with non-retracted {{IPA|/z/}}. See [[Portuguese phonology]]
|-
|rowspan=3| [[Spanish language|Spanish]] || [[Andean Spanish|Andean]] ||rowspan=3| ''mi'''s'''mo'' ||rowspan=3| {{IPA|[ˈmiz̺mo̞]}} ||rowspan=3| 'same' ||rowspan=3| Apical. Allophone of {{IPA|/s/}} before voiced consonants. Before {{IPA|/d/}} it is pronounced dentally {{IPA|[z̪]}}. See [[Spanish phonology]]
|-
| [[Castilian Spanish|Castilian]] 
|-
| [[Paisa Region]]
|-
|}

====Variable====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan=2| Language !! Word !! [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] !! Meaning !! Notes
|-
| [[German language|German]] || [[Standard German|Standard]]{{sfnp|Mangold|2005|p=50}} || {{lang|de|[[German orthography|'''s'''auber]]|italic=yes}} || {{IPA|[ˈzäʊ̯bɐ]}} || 'clean' || Varies between dentalized laminal, non-retracted laminal and non-retracted apical.{{sfnp|Mangold|2005|p=50}} See [[Standard German phonology]]
|-
|rowspan=2| [[Italian language|Italian]] || Standard{{sfnp|Canepari|1992|p=68}} || rowspan=2| {{lang|it|[[Italian alphabet|ca'''s'''o]]|italic=yes}} || rowspan=2 | {{IPA|[ˈkäːzo]}} || rowspan=2 | 'case' || Varies between dentalized laminal and non-retracted apical.{{sfnp|Canepari|1992|p=68}} See [[Italian phonology]]
|-
| [[Ticino]]{{sfnp|Canepari|1992|p=72}} || Varies between dentalized laminal and non-retracted apical.{{sfnp|Canepari|1992|pp=68 and 72}} Both variants may be labiodentalized.{{sfnp|Canepari|1992|p=72}} See [[Italian phonology]]
|}