Editing Vught (section)

==History==

===Early history===
The first mention of Vught in the historical record dates to the eleventh century. By the fourteenth century, the [[Teutonic Order]] had acquired the parish and set up a [[commandery (feudalism)|commandery]] across from the Saint Lambert Church. In 1328, the residents of Vught were granted the right of municipality by the Duke of Brabant.

===Eighty Years War===
During the [[Eighty Years War]] Vught was the site of struggles between Catholic interests and the troops of [[William the Silent|William of Orange]]. In 1629 the Saint Lambert Church became a Reformed Protestant church, after the troops of [[Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange]], were victorious in 's-Hertogenbosch.

===World War II===
[[File:NM Kamp Vught Wachttoren.JPG|thumb|left|Watchtowers and barbed wire fences at [[Herzogenbusch concentration camp]] in Vught]]
Vught was the site of a transit/concentration camp ([[Herzogenbusch concentration camp|Herzogenbusch]]) built by Nazi Germany during its occupation of the Netherlands in World War II. It was part of Camp Herzogenbusch, but usually better known as "Kamp Vught". The camp held male and female prisoners, many of them Jewish and political activists, captured in Belgium and the Netherlands. The guards included SS men and a few SS women, headed by [[Female guards in Nazi concentration camps|Oberaufseherin]] [[Margarete Gallinat]]. The SS initially used it as a transit camp to gather mostly Jewish prisoners for classification and transportation to camps in Poland and other areas.

For supporting another female prisoner, a group of 74 women were punished by being placed in a cell barely nine square meters and held there for over fourteen hours. Ten of the women died, and several suffered permanent physical or mental damage. The camp commander responsible was demoted by [[Himmler]] to the regular rank of soldier and sent to the Hungarian front, where he died in 1945.

[[Dutch underground]] members [[Corrie ten Boom|Corrie]] and [[Betsie ten Boom]] were held at Vught in 1944, before being sent to [[Ravensbrück]] concentration camp. Vught was also a transition camp for many of the female laborers at the [[Agfa-Commando|Agfa Kamerawerke]] in München-Giesing, where they built ignition and camera devices. [[Poncke Princen]], who would later become known for going over to the [[Indonesia]]n guerrillas opposing Dutch rule, was imprisoned at Vught for his anti-Nazi activities.

Vught was liberated by the Canadians at the end of the war, but only after German guards killed several hundred prisoners held there, mainly by firing squad.

===Camp in post-war times===
[[File:Bezinningsruimte.jpg|thumb|Bezinningsruimte ("Room for reflection") at the [[Herzogenbusch concentration camp|Nationaal Monument Kamp Vught]]. It shows the names of all those who did not survive imprisonment at the Kamp Vught]]

After [[World War II]], the camp was first used as a prison for Germans and collaborators. Some of the camp has been preserved as a national monument related to the Nazi occupation during World War II.

The barracks of Camp Vught were later adapted into a number of home units to house Indonesian [[Molucca]]n exiles, former soldiers of the Netherlands armed forces and their families who were transferred to the Netherlands after Indonesian independence.

=== Department of corrections — PI Vught ===
{{main article|Nieuw Vosseveld}}
From 1953, part of the former detention camp was developed as a juvenile prison called ''Nieuw Vosseveld''.'<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pivught.nl/geschiedenis.html |title=Welkom op de site van de P.I. Vught "Nieuw Vosseveld" |access-date=2009-04-29 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227132626/http://pivught.nl/geschiedenis.html |archive-date=2009-02-27 }}</ref> Today, as ''PI Vught'', it is a high-security prison with 15 separate units and up to 750 prisoners.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PI Vught |url=https://www.dji.nl/locaties/v/pi-vught |access-date=22 June 2024|website=www.dji.nl|language=nl}}</ref> Amongst those imprisoned there are:
* [[Samir Azzouz]], terrorist with ties to [[Hofstad Network]]. Released in 2013.
* [[Mohammed Bouyeri]], murderer of [[Theo van Gogh (film director)|Theo van Gogh]]. Serving a life sentence without parole.
* [[Willem Holleeder]], one of the perpetrators in the kidnapping of [[Freddy Heineken]]. Life imprisonment.
* {{Interlanguage link multi|Johan Verhoek|nl}}, nicknamed {{Interlanguage link multi|de hakkelaar|nl|3=Verzorgingsplaats Hackelaar}}, [[Illegal drug trade|drug dealer]]. Released in 2000.
* [[Curtis Warren]], British drug trafficker. Released in 2007.
* [[Ridouan Taghi]], drug trafficker and murderer.