Editing Vulgate (section)

=== Content ===
The Vulgate is "a composite collection which cannot be identified with only Jerome's work," because the Vulgate contains ''[[Vetus Latina]]'' texts which are independent from Jerome's work.<ref name=":03" />

A famous historical edition of the Vulgate,  the [[Alcuin]]ian ''[[wiktionary:pandect#Noun|pandects]]'' from the end of the 700s, contain:<ref name=":03" />
* New Testament
** ''Revision of Vetus Latina'' by Jerome: the [[Four Gospels|Gospels]], corrected with reference to the [[New Testament manuscript|Greek manuscripts]] which Jerome considered the best available.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Chapman|first=John|year=1922|title=St Jerome and the Vulgate New Testament (I–II)|journal=[[The Journal of Theological Studies]]|series=o.s.|volume=24|issue=93|pages=33–51|doi=10.1093/jts/os-XXIV.93.33|issn=0022-5185}} {{Cite journal|last=Chapman|first=John|year=1923|title=St Jerome and the Vulgate New Testament (III)|journal=The Journal of Theological Studies|series=o.s.|volume=24|issue=95|pages=282–299|doi=10.1093/jts/os-XXIV.95.282|issn=0022-5185}}</ref><ref name=":03" />
** ''Revision of Vetus Latina'' perhaps by [[Rufinus the Syrian]], or by [[Rufinus of Aquileia]] or by so-called [[Pelagian]] groups: [[Acts of the Apostles|Acts]], [[Pauline epistles]], [[Catholic epistles]], and the [[Book of Revelation|Apocalypse]].<ref name=":02" /><ref name=":42">{{Cite book|last=Houghton|first=H. A. G.|title=The Latin New Testament; a Guide to its Early History, Texts and Manuscripts|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2016|pages=36, 41}}</ref><ref name="Scherbenske 2013 183" />
* Old Testament
**''Translation from the Hebrew'' by Jerome: all the books from the [[Hebrew Bible|Hebrew canon]] except the [[Book of Psalms]].<ref name=":03" />
**''Translation from the [[Hexapla|Hexaplar Septuagint]]'' by Jerome: his [[Latin Psalters#Versio Gallicana|Gallican version]] of the Book of Psalms.<ref name=":02" />
* Deuterocanonicals and non-canonicals
** ''Translation from [[Aramaic]]'' by Jerome: the book of [[Book of Tobit|Tobit]] and the book of [[Book of Judith|Judith]].<ref name=":03" />
** ''Translation from the Greek of [[Theodotion]]'' by Jerome: the three additions to the [[Book of Daniel]]: the [[The Prayer of Azariah and Song of the Three Holy Children|Song of the Three Children]], the [[Susanna (Book of Daniel)|Story of Susanna]], and the [[Bel and the Dragon|Story of Bel and the Dragon]]. Jerome marked these additions with an [[obelus]] before them to distinguish them from the rest of the text.<ref name=":05">Canellis (2017), pp. 132–133, 217.</ref> He says that because those parts "are spread throughout the whole world, [we] have appended by banishing and placing them after the spit (or "obelus"), so we will not be seen among the unlearned to have cut off a large part of the scroll."<ref name=":1" />
** ''Translation from the [[Septuagint|Common Septuagint]]'' by Jerome: the [[Book of Esther#Additions to Esther|Additions to Esther]]. Jerome gathered all these additions together at the end of the Book of Esther, marking them with an obelus.<ref name=":052">Canellis (2017), ch. "Introduction: Revision...", pp. 133–134.</ref>
**''Vetus Latina, wholly unrevised:'' [[Epistle to the Laodiceans#Latin Vulgate Epistle to the Laodiceans|Epistle to the Laodiceans]], [[Sirach]], [[Book of Wisdom|Wisdom]], [[1 Maccabees|1]]&nbsp;and [[2 Maccabees]].<ref name=":03" /><ref name="Bogaert 2005 286–342" /> The 13th-century [[Paris Bible]]s remove the [[Epistle to the Laodiceans#Latin Vulgate Epistle to the Laodiceans|Epistle to the Laodiceans]], but add:<ref name=":03" />
*** ''Vetus Latina, wholly unrevised'': [[Prayer of Manasses]], [[2 Esdras|4&nbsp;Ezra]], the [[Book of Baruch]] and the [[Letter of Jeremiah]]. The Book of Baruch and the [[Letter of Jeremiah]] were first excluded by Jerome as non-canonical, but sporadically included in Vulgate Bibles from the 9th&nbsp;century onward.<ref name=":03" /><ref name="Bogaert 2005 286–342">{{Cite journal|volume=115|issue=2|pages=286–342|last=Bogaert|first=Pierre-Maurice|title=Le livre de Baruch dans les manuscrits de la Bible latine. Disparition et réintégration|journal=[[Revue Bénédictine]]|year=2005|doi=10.1484/J.RB.5.100598}}</ref>
** ''Independent translation, distinct from the Vetus Latina'' (probably of the 3rd century): [[1 Esdras|3&nbsp;Ezra a.k.a. 1 Esdras]].<ref name=":03" /><ref>{{Cite journal|volume=26|issue=4|pages=253–302|last=York|first=Harry Clinton|title=The Latin Versions of First Esdras|journal=[[The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures]]|year=1910|jstor=527826|doi=10.1086/369651|s2cid=170979647}}</ref>

Jerome is connected to three different Latin versions of the Psalms, which were adopted in different Vulgate editions, regions or uses:

* ''Versio Romana'' [[#Psalter|formerly]] attributed to Jerome (384):  a [[Latin Psalters#Versio Romana|revision]] of the earlier ''[[Latin Psalters#Versio vetus latina|vetus latina]]''. It is still sung in Catholic Latin liturgies, in the [[Roman Missal]].
* ''Versio Gallicana'' by Jerome (386-389): a [[Latin Psalters#Versio Gallicana|translation of the Psalms from the Greek]] [[Hexapla]] became the most common version in Bibles.
* ''Versio juxta Hebraicum'' by Jerome (c.390 to 398):<ref name=":04">Canellis (2017), ch. "Introduction: Revision...", p. 98.</ref> a [[Latin Psalters#Versio juxta Hebraicum|translation of the Psalms from the Hebrew]].<ref name=":034"/> This translation of the Psalms was kept in Spanish manuscripts of the Vulgate long after the [[Gallican psalter]] had supplanted it elsewhere.<ref name=":62">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/bibliasacraiuxta0000unse_d8t5|title=Biblia sacra : iuxta Vulgatam versionem|publisher=Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft|others=Oliver Wendell Holmes Library Phillips Academy|year=2007|isbn=978-3-438-05303-9|editor-last=Weber|editor-first=Robert|edition=5|location=Stuttgart|pages=VI, XV, XXV, XXXIV|chapter=Praefatio|editor-last2=Gryson|editor-first2=Roger|url-access=registration}}</ref>