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Weimar
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=== Middle Ages === [[File:Kasseturm in Weimar.jpg|thumb|The Kasseturm is a relic of the former city wall at Goetheplatz.]] The oldest records regarding Weimar date to 899. Its name changed over the centuries from ''Wimares'' through ''Wimari'' to ''Wimar'' and finally Weimar; it is derived from [[Old High German]] ''wīh-'' (holy) and ''-mari'' (standing water, swamp).<ref>Gitta Günther, Wolfram Huschke, and Walter Steiner, ''Weimar'' (Böhlau, 1993), p. 494.</ref> The place was the seat of the [[County of Weimar]], first mentioned in 949, which was one of the most powerful jurisdictions in [[early Middle Ages]] Thuringia. In 1062 it was united with the [[County of Orlamünde]] into the new County of Weimar-Orlamünde, which existed until the [[Thuringian Counts' War]] in 1346. It fell to the [[House of Wettin|Wettins]] afterwards. The Weimar settlement emerged around the count's wooden castle and two small churches, dedicated to [[Saint Peter]] (which later became the main church), and to [[James the Great|Saint James]], respectively. In 1240, the count founded the dynasty's monastery in Oberweimar, run by [[Cistercians|Cistercian]] nuns. Soon after, the counts of Weimar founded the town, which was an independent parish since 1249 and called ''civitas'' in 1254. From 1262, the citizens used their own seal. The regional influence of the Weimar counts was declining as the influence of the Wettins in Thuringia increased. Hence, the new small town was relatively marginal in a regional context, also due to the fact that it was located far from relevant trade routes, such as the [[Via Regia]]. The settlement around Saint James Church developed into a suburb during the 13th century. After becoming part of Wettin territory in 1346, urban development improved. The Wettins fostered Weimar by abolishing [[socage]] and granting privileges to the citizens. Now Weimar became equal to other Wettinian cities like [[Weißensee, Thuringia|Weißensee]] and grew during the 15th century, with the establishment of a [[town hall]] and the current main church. In 1438 Weimar acquired trade privileges for woad, a plant from which blue dye was made. The castle and the walls were finished in the 16th century, making Weimar into a full city.
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