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===Cognitive skills of reading=== '''Sub-lexical reading''' Sub-lexical reading<ref name="Neural Representations">{{cite journal |vauthors=Borowsky R, Esopenko C, Cummine J, Sarty GE |title=Neural representations of visual words and objects: a functional MRI study on the modularity of reading and object processing |journal=Brain Topogr |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=89β96 |year=2007 |pmid=17929158 |doi=10.1007/s10548-007-0034-1|s2cid=1640138 }}</ref><ref name="Ventral and Dorsal Streams">{{cite journal |vauthors=Borowsky R, Cummine J, Owen WJ, Friesen CK, Shih F, Sarty GE |title=FMRI of ventral and dorsal processing streams in basic reading processes: insular sensitivity to phonology |journal=Brain Topogr |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=233β9 |year=2006 |pmid=16845597 |doi=10.1007/s10548-006-0001-2|s2cid=10815942 }}</ref><ref name="Changes Reading Strategies">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sanabria DΓaz G, Torres Mdel R, Iglesias J, etal |title=Changes in reading strategies in school-age children |journal=Span J Psychol |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=441β53 |date=November 2009 |pmid=19899646 |doi=10.1017/S1138741600001827|s2cid=13821050 }}</ref><ref name="Chinese Ventral and Dorsal Streams">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chan ST, Tang SW, Tang KW, Lee WK, Lo SS, Kwong KK |title=Hierarchical coding of characters in the ventral and dorsal visual streams of Chinese language processing |journal=NeuroImage |volume=48 |issue=2 |pages=423β435 |date=November 2009 |pmid=19591947 |doi=10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.06.078|hdl=10397/24142 |s2cid=23720865 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> involves teaching reading by associating characters or groups of characters with sounds or by using phonics learning and teaching methodology.{{fact|date=March 2022}} '''Lexical reading''' Lexical reading<ref name="Neural Representations" /><ref name="Ventral and Dorsal Streams" /><ref name="Changes Reading Strategies" /><ref name="Chinese Ventral and Dorsal Streams" /> involves acquiring words or phrases without attention to the characters or groups of characters that compose them or by using whole language learning and teaching methodology.{{fact|date=March 2022}}
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