Open main menu
Home
Random
Recent changes
Special pages
Community portal
Preferences
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Incubator escapee wiki
Search
User menu
Talk
Dark mode
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Editing
Word problem for groups
(section)
Warning:
You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you
log in
or
create an account
, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.
Anti-spam check. Do
not
fill this in!
==Examples== {{more citations needed section|date=December 2023|reason=Citations should be given for individual examples.}} The following groups have a solvable word problem: *[[Automatic group]]s, including: **[[Finite group]]s **[[Negatively curved group|Negatively curved (aka. hyperbolic) group]]s **[[Euclidean group]]s **[[Coxeter group]]s **[[Braid group]]s **[[Geometrically finite group]]s *Finitely generated [[free group]]s *Finitely generated [[free abelian group]]s *[[Polycyclic group]]s *Finitely generated recursively [[Absolute presentation of a group|absolutely presented group]]s,<ref>{{citation |first=H. |last=Simmons |title=The word problem for absolute presentations |journal=J. London Math. Soc. |volume=s2-6 |issue=2 |pages=275β280 |date=1973 |doi=10.1112/jlms/s2-6.2.275 |url=}}</ref> including: **Finitely presented simple groups. *Finitely presented [[residually finite]] groups *One relator groups<ref>{{citation |first1=Roger C. |last1=Lyndon |first2=Paul E |last2=Schupp |title=Combinatorial Group Theory |publisher=Springer |date=2001 |isbn=9783540411581 |pages=1β60 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aiPVBygHi_oC&pg=PP1}}</ref> (this is a theorem of Magnus), including: **Fundamental groups of closed orientable two-dimensional manifolds. *Combable groups *Autostackable groups Examples with unsolvable word problems are also known: *Given a recursively enumerable set <math>A</math> of positive integers that has insoluble membership problem, <math>\langle a, b, c, d \, | \, a^n b a^n = c^n d c^n : n \in A \rangle</math> is a finitely generated group with a recursively enumerable presentation whose word problem is insoluble{{sfn|Collins|Zieschang|1993|p=149}} *Every finitely generated group with a recursively enumerable presentation and insoluble word problem is a subgroup of a finitely presented group with insoluble word problem{{sfn|Collins|Zieschang|1993|loc=Cor. 7.2.6}} *The number of relators in a finitely presented group with insoluble word problem may be as low as 14 {{sfn|Collins|1969}} or even 12.{{sfn|Borisov|1969}}{{sfn|Collins|1972}} *An explicit example of a reasonable short presentation with insoluble word problem is given in Collins 1986:{{sfn|Collins|1986}}<ref>We use the corrected version from [http://shell.cas.usf.edu/~eclark/algctlg/groups.html John Pedersen's A Catalogue of Algebraic Systems]</ref> :<math>\begin{array}{lllll}\langle & a,b,c,d,e,p,q,r,t,k & | & &\\ &p^{10}a = ap, &pacqr = rpcaq, &ra=ar, &\\ &p^{10}b = bp, &p^2adq^2r = rp^2daq^2, &rb=br, &\\ &p^{10}c = cp, &p^3bcq^3r = rp^3cbq^3, &rc=cr, &\\ &p^{10}d = dp, &p^4bdq^4r = rp^4dbq^4, &rd=dr, &\\ &p^{10}e = ep, &p^5ceq^5r = rp^5ecaq^5, &re=er, &\\ &aq^{10} = qa, &p^6deq^6r = rp^6edbq^6, &pt=tp, &\\ &bq^{10} = qb, &p^7cdcq^7r = rp^7cdceq^7, &qt=tq, &\\ &cq^{10} = qc, &p^8ca^3q^8r = rp^8a^3q^8, &&\\ &dq^{10} = qd, &p^9da^3q^9r = rp^9a^3q^9, &&\\ &eq^{10} = qe, &a^{-3}ta^3k = ka^{-3}ta^3 &&\rangle \end{array}</math>
Edit summary
(Briefly describe your changes)
By publishing changes, you agree to the
Terms of Use
, and you irrevocably agree to release your contribution under the
CC BY-SA 4.0 License
and the
GFDL
. You agree that a hyperlink or URL is sufficient attribution under the Creative Commons license.
Cancel
Editing help
(opens in new window)