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Yining
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=== Note on historical place names === From the 13 to 15th century it was under the control of [[Chagatai Khanate]]. Another Mongol empire—the [[Zunghar Khanate]]—established around Ili area. In the 19th and early 20th century, the word Kulja (from {{langx|ru|Кульджа}}) or Ghulja was often used in Russia and in the West as the name for the entire Chinese part of the Ili River basin as well as for its two main cities. In fact, the [[1911 Encyclopædia Britannica]] clarifies the distinction between two similarly named cities of its time:<ref>{{cite EB1911|wstitle= Kulja | volume= 15 | pages = 943–944 see page 943 }}</ref> * ''Kulja'' (i.e. today's Yining) or more specifically ''Old Kulja'' (elsewhere, also called ''[[Taranchi]] Kulja''), which was the commercial center of the region. * ''Suidun'' (i.e. [[Suiding]], now called [[Shuiding]]) or more specifically ''New Kulja'', ''[[Manchu]] Kulja'' or ''Ili'' (elsewhere, also ''Chinese Kulja''), the Chinese fortress and the regional capital. Until the 1860s, [[Huiyuan, Xinjiang|Huiyuan]] to the south of Suiding was the regional capital.
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