Editing Affirmative action (section)

=== Oceania ===

==== New Zealand ====
Individuals of [[Māori people|Māori]] or other [[Polynesia]]n descent are often afforded improved access to university courses, or have scholarships earmarked specifically for them. Such access to University courses have in the past faced criticism, particularly at the University of Auckland due to a phenomenon known as Mismatch theory, accusations of setting the kids up to fail have been made due to a lack of transparency as to the preferred groups graduation rates and the university informing the students of such historical statistics dating back to the 1970s.<ref>Sowell, T. (1990). Preferential policies: An international perspective. William Morrow and Company.</ref><ref name=cre>{{cite web|title=Affirmative action around the world|url=http://www.catalystmagazine.org/Default.aspx.LocID-0hgnew0l0.RefLocID-0hg01b001006009.Lang-EN.htm|work=Catalyst|publisher=Commission for Racial Equality|author=Commission for Racial Equality|author-link=Commission for Racial Equality|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070125034907/http://www.catalystmagazine.org/Default.aspx.LocID-0hgnew0l0.RefLocID-0hg01b001006009.Lang-EN.htm|archive-date=25 January 2007|date=29 September 2006}} [http://www.juliushonnor.com/catalyst/Default.aspx.LocID-0hgnew0l0.RefLocID-0hg01b001006009.Lang-EN.htm Alt URL] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161014071745/http://www.juliushonnor.com/catalyst/Default.aspx.LocID-0hgnew0l0.RefLocID-0hg01b001006009.Lang-EN.htm |date=14 October 2016 }}</ref> 

Affirmative action is provided for under section 73 of the [[Human Rights Act 1993]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1993/0082/latest/DLM304672.html |title=Human Rights Act 1993 No 82 (as of 1 July 2013), Public Act 73 Measures to ensure equality – New Zealand Legislation |publisher=Legislation.govt.nz |date=1 July 2013 |access-date=1 September 2013}}</ref> and section 19(2) of the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1990/0109/latest/DLM225519.html |title=New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990 No 109 (as of 1 July 2013), Public Act 19 Freedom from discrimination – New Zealand Legislation |publisher=Legislation.govt.nz |date=1 July 2013 |access-date=1 September 2013}}</ref> Affirmative action in New Zealand is most often done indirecttly by encouraging those in groups favored by affirmative action to get jobs in sectors they are underrepresented in.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=2022-04-13 |title=Is positive discrimination lawful in New Zealand? |url=https://www.laneneave.co.nz/news-events/is-positive-discrimination-lawful-in-new-zealand/ |access-date=2023-11-26 |website=Lane Neave |language=en-US}}</ref> Diversity Awards NZ is an organization in New Zealand whose goal is to " celebrate excellence in workplace diversity, equity and inclusion."<ref>{{Cite web |last=DiversityWorks |title=Diversity Awards NZ™ |url=https://diversityworksnz.org.nz/diversity-awards-nz/ |access-date=2023-11-26 |website=DiversityWorks |language=en-nz}}</ref>

Under section 73 of the Human Rights Act 1993, affirmative action would be permissible if:<ref name=":6" />

# Done in good faith;
# For the purpose of assisting individuals or groups with a characteristic pertaining to a prohibited ground of discrimination; and
# The individuals or groups in question need (or may reasonably be supposed to need) assistance in order to achieve an equal place with other members of the community.