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Assamese language
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===Non-regional dialects=== Assamese does not have many caste- or occupation-based dialects.<ref>{{harvcol|Goswami|2003|p=403}}</ref> In the nineteenth century, the Eastern dialect became the standard dialect because it witnessed more literary activity and it was more uniform from east of Guwahati to Sadiya,{{Sfn|Kakati|1941|p=14-16}} whereas the western dialects were more heterogeneous.{{Sfn|Goswami|2003|p=436}} Since the nineteenth century, the center of literary activity (as well as of politics and commerce) has shifted to Guwahati; as a result, the standard dialect has evolved considerably away from the largely rural Eastern dialects and has become more urban and acquired western dialectal elements.<ref name="Dutta2003p106">{{harv|Dutta|2003|p=106}}</ref> Most literary activity takes place in this dialect, and is often called the ''likhito-bhaxa'', though regional dialects are often used in novels and other creative works. In addition to the regional variants, sub-regional, community-based dialects are also prevalent, namely: * '''Standard dialect''' influenced by surrounding centers. * '''''Bhakatiya'' dialect''' highly polite, a sattra-based dialect with a different set of nominals, pronominals, and verbal forms, as well as a preference for euphemism; indirect and passive expressions.{{Sfn|Goswami|2003|pp=439-440}} Some of these features are used in the standard dialect on very formal occasions. * The fisherman community has a dialect that is used in the central and eastern region. * The astrologer community of Darrang district has a dialect called ''thar'' that is coded and secretive. The ''ratikhowa'' and ''bhitarpanthiya'' secretive cult-based Vaisnava groups too have their own dialects.<ref name="Dutta2003p107">{{harv|Dutta|2003|p=107}}</ref> * The Muslim community have their own dialectal preference, with their own kinship, custom, and religious terms, with those in east Assam having distinct phonetic features.<ref name="Dutta2003p106"/> * The urban adolescent and youth communities (for example, Guwahati) have exotic, hybrid and local slangs.<ref name="Dutta2003p106"/> * Ethnic speech communities that use Assamese as a second language, often use dialects that are influenced heavily by the pronunciation, intonation, stress, vocabulary and syntax of their respective first languages (''Mising Eastern Assamese'', ''Bodo Central Kamrupi'', ''Rabha Eastern Goalpariya'' etc.).<ref name="Dutta2003p107"/> Two independent pidgins/creoles, associated with the Assamese language, are [[Nagamese]] (used by [[Naga people|Naga]] groups) and [[Nefamese]] (used in Arunachal Pradesh).<ref>{{harv|Dutta|2003|pp=108β109}}</ref>
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