Editing Breast augmentation (section)

===Autologous fat grafting===
{{update section|reason= sources 17 years old|date=January 2024}}
The technique of autologous fat-graft injection to the [[breast]] is applied for the correction of breast asymmetry or deformities, for [[Mastectomy|post-mastectomy]] [[breast reconstruction]] (as a primary and as an adjunct technique), for the improvement of soft-tissue coverage of breast implants, and for the aesthetic enhancement of the bust. The careful harvesting and [[centrifuge|centrifugal]] refinement of the mature adipocyte tissue (injected in small aliquots) allows the transplanted fat tissue to remain viable in the breast, where it provides the anatomical structure and the hemispheric contour that cannot be achieved solely with breast implants or with corrective plastic surgery.{{cn|date=July 2024}}

[[File:Dr. Placik Chicago Breast Fat Grafting 19097.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Non-implant breast augmentation: the pre-procedural aspects (left) and the post-procedural aspects (right) of breasts enlarged and contoured with autologous fat grafts]]

In fat-graft breast augmentation procedures, there is the risk that the [[Adipose tissue|adipocyte tissue]] grafted to the breast(s) can undergo [[necrosis]], [[metastatic calcification]], develop cysts, and agglomerate into palpable lumps. Although the cause of metastatic calcification is unknown, the post-procedure biological changes occurred to the fat-graft tissue resemble the tissue changes usual to breast surgery procedures such as [[breast reduction|reduction mammoplasty]]. The French study ''Radiological Evaluation of Breasts Reconstructed with Lipo-modeling'' (2005) indicates the therapeutic efficacy of fat-graft breast reconstruction in the treatment of [[radiation therapy]] damage to the chest, the incidental reduction of [[capsular contracture]], and the improved soft-tissue coverage of breast implants.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Pierrefeu-Lagrange A. C. |author2=Delay E. |author3=Guerin N.|display-authors=et al | year = 2005 | title = Radiological Evaluation of Breasts Reconstructed with Lipo-modeling (in French) | journal = Annales de Chirurgie Plastique et Esthétique | volume = 51 | issue = 1|pages=18–28 | doi=10.1016/j.anplas.2005.10.001|pmid=16338046 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | author = Rigotti G. |author2=Marchi A. |author3=Galiè M.|display-authors=et al | year = 2007| title = Clinical Treatment of Radiotherapy Tissue Damages by Lipoaspirates Transplant: A Healing Process Mediated by Adipose-derived Stem cells (ASCS) | journal = Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery | volume =  119| issue = 5| pages = 1409–22; discussion 1423–4| doi=10.1097/01.prs.0000256047.47909.71| pmid = 17415234|s2cid=24897504 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | author = Massiha H | year = 2002 | title = Scar-tissue Flaps for the Correction of Post-implant Breast Rippling | journal = Annals of Plastic Surgery | volume = 48 | issue = 5| pages = 505–7 | doi=10.1097/00000637-200205000-00009| pmid = 11981190 | s2cid = 31590174 }}</ref>

The study ''Fat Grafting to the Breast Revisited: Safety and Efficacy'' (2007) reported successful transfers of body fat to the [[breast]], and proposed the fat-graft injection technique as an alternative (i.e., non-implant) augmentation mammoplasty procedure instead of the surgical procedures usual for effecting breast augmentation, breast defect correction, and breast reconstruction.{{cn|date=July 2024}}

Structural fat-grafting was performed either to one breast or to both breasts of the 17 women; the age range of the women was 25–55 years; the mean age was 38.2 years; the average volume of a tissue-graft was 278.6&nbsp;cm<sup>3</sup> of fat per operation, per breast.{{cn|date=July 2024}}

The pre-procedure mammograms were negative for [[Breast cancer|malignant neoplasms]]. In the 17-patient cohort, it was noted that two women developed [[breast cancer]] (diagnosed by [[Mammography|mammogram]]) post-procedure: one at 12 months, and the other at 92 months.<ref name=Coleman>{{Cite journal | last1 = Coleman | first1 = S. R. | last2 = Saboeiro | first2 = A. P. | s2cid = 1950274 | doi = 10.1097/01.prs.0000252001.59162.c9 | title = Fat Grafting to the Breast Revisited: Safety and Efficacy | journal = Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery | volume = 119 | issue = 3 | pages = 775–785; discussion 785–7 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17312477 }}</ref> Further, the study ''Cell-assisted Lipotransfer for Cosmetic Breast Augmentation: Supportive Use of Adipose-Derived Stem/Stromal Cells'' (2007), an approximately 40-woman cohort indicated that the inclusion of adipose [[stem cells]] in the grafts of adipocyte fat increased the rate of corrective success of the autologous fat-grafting procedure.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Yoshimura | first1 = K. | last2 = Sato | first2 = K. | last3 = Aoi | first3 = N. | last4 = Kurita | first4 = M. | last5 = Hirohi | first5 = T. | last6 = Harii | first6 = K. | doi = 10.1007/s00266-007-9019-4 | title = Cell-Assisted Lipotransfer for Cosmetic Breast Augmentation: Supportive Use of Adipose-Derived Stem/Stromal Cells | journal = Aesthetic Plastic Surgery | volume = 32 | issue = 1 | pages = 48–55; discussion 56–7 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17763894 | pmc =2175019 }}</ref>