Editing Buganda (section)

===Slavery===
It was said that the average Muganda owned one hundred slaves; even youths possessed "ten or twenty...whom they steal or kidnap in war". This was an exaggeration that conveyed some idea of the impression foreigners had of Ganda slavery and its extensive nature.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s0irmwEACAAJ|title=Political power in pre-colonial Buganda : economy, society & warfare in the nineteenth century|date=2002 |page=116|publisher=James Currey |isbn=978-0-8214-1477-4 }}</ref>
The vast majority of slaves in Buganda were from foreign ethnic groups such as the Banyoro, Basoga, and Banyankole. The Ganda sold other Ganda only in extremely exceptional circumstances and various Kabakas such as Suna banned the sale of any native Ganda to foreigners. Only cows, goats, and ivory could be sold.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s0irmwEACAAJ|title=Political power in pre-colonial Buganda : economy, society & warfare in the nineteenth century|date=2002 |page=153|publisher=James Currey |isbn=978-0-8214-1477-4 }}</ref>

{{blockquote|As a rule slaves were foreigners, chiefly Banyoro and Basoga; Baganda who were slaves were treated with much consideration in their own country; they were men and women who had been sold by a relative in trouble, children who had been kidnapped, or who had been pawned to raise money in an emergency. The status of slavery was not so dreadful in Uganda as in many other countries. In many cases the worst that could be said against it was that a slave was deprived of his freedom, that neither his wife nor her children were his own, and that his life was at his master’s disposal. On the other hand if a man married his slave girl, and she had children, she became free.|Richard J. Reid|title=Political Power in Pre-colonial Buganda
Economy, Society & Warfare in the Nineteenth Century|source=p 126}}

Ganda slave raiders invaded Bunyoro-Kitara throughout the 19th century and local missionaries would report vast numbers of slaves captured from Buganda's enemy kingdom. The explorer [[John Hanning Speke]] witnessed the Ganda army returning from Bunyoro with "immense numbers of cows, women and children, but not men, for they were killed".<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TdAhDgAAQBAJ|title=Slavery in the Great Lakes Region of East Africa|date=2007 |page=241|publisher=Ohio University Press |isbn=978-0-8214-4574-7 }}</ref> Hundreds of slaves from Bunyoro were paraded at Kabaka Mutesa's court as a show of victory over their defeated enemies.<ref name="The Slave Trade of Eastern Africa"/>

The [[Hima people|Hima]] (a pastoralist group) were especially sought out as slaves in raids into the foreign western kingdoms such as Ankole and Busongora. Hima women were considered highly attractive by the Ganda and were popular as concubines. Many Hima women were put in the harems of chiefs and the Kabaka. Many cattle in Buganda were herded by enslaved Bahima herdsmen taken prisoners in war.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uYib0AEACAAJ|title=An African People in the Twentieth Century|date=1934 |page=122|publisher=George Routlege & Sons, Ltd. }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aUV2uQAACAAJ|title=The Baganda: An Account of Their Native Customs and Beliefs|date=2011 |page=415|publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-108-03139-4 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s0irmwEACAAJ|title=Political power in pre-colonial Buganda : economy, society & warfare in the nineteenth century|date=2002 |page=41|publisher=James Currey |isbn=978-0-8214-1477-4 }}</ref>

There was also a high demand for slaves from east of the Nile. Historian [[David William Cohen]] says that "Ganda men relished the supposed attributes of women from Busoga, finding their elegantly cicatriced bodies beautiful and their separation from the tense, competitive arenas of Ganda politics a great virtue". In order to appease the Baganda, the basoga would send tribute to Buganda which included slave women. Baganda and Basoga alike participated in the kidnapping and transport of slaves. After the year 1850, no place in Busoga was hallowed sanctuary due to the scourge of kidnappings.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e1p9BgAAQBAJ|title=Womunafu's Bunafu: A Study of Authority in a Nineteenth-Century African Community|date=2015 |page=132|publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-1-4008-6780-6 }}</ref> While in Buganda, Emin Pasha witnessed hundreds of women brought in from Busoga.Slaves taken in war were usually distributed among the chiefs (a chief named Mende had 700 female slaves). Due to the military campaigns led by Kabaka Suna, there were so many women captives that Suna gifted 2,000 to his mother, 80 to Sebowa (the Katabalwa), and the remainder were taken to the Court and distributed among his wives who ruled over them as they wished.<ref name="The Slave Trade of Eastern Africa"/> It is estimated that Buganda had a sex ratio of 3.5:1 due to the vast numbers of foreign female slaves taken into the kingdom.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TdAhDgAAQBAJ|title=Slavery in the Great Lakes Region of East Africa|date= 2007 |page=241|publisher=Ohio University Press |isbn=978-0-8214-4574-7 }}</ref>

In the 1860s, kingdoms in [[Tanzania]] such as [[Unyanyembe]] and [[Mirambo|Urambo]] regarded slaves they purchased from Buganda as being the best available, especially the Hima women, (who were also brought from Karagwe). The export of slaves increased steadily through the 1860s and 1870s, reaching a peak in the 1880s, when as much as several thousand may have been exported annually.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s0irmwEACAAJ|title=Political power in pre-colonial Buganda : economy, society & warfare in the nineteenth century|date=2002 |page=161|publisher=James Currey |isbn=978-0-8214-1477-4 }}</ref>

Foreign slaves could be harshly treated, as in the case of a Hima slave who tended the Katikiro's (prime minister) cattle. The [[Hima people|Hima]] decided to leave his master and serve the king. The prime minister seized the [[Hima people|Hima]] (on false pretenses) and had his ears cut off, and his eyes gouged out as a warning to his other slaves not to leave him (not even for the king).<ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Two_Kings_of_Uganda/gg8_AQAAMAAJ?hl=en|title=Two Kings of Uganda: Or, Life by the Shores of Victoria Nyanza|page=95}}</ref>
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