Editing Caliphate (section)

=== Ahmadiyya view ===
{{further|Ahmadiyya Caliphate}}
The members of the [[Ahmadiyya]] community believe that the Ahmadiyya Caliphate is the continuation of the Islamic caliphate, first being the ''Rāshidūn'' (rightly guided) Caliphate (of Righteous Caliphs). This is believed to have been suspended with Ali, the son-in-law of Muhammad and re-established with the appearance of [[Mirza Ghulam Ahmad]] (1835–1908, the founder of the movement) whom Ahmadis identify as the Promised Messiah and [[Mahdi]].

Ahmadis maintain that in accordance with Quranic verses (such as {{qref|24|55|pl=y}}) and a number of ahadith on the issue, caliphates can only be established by God himself. and is a divine blessing given to "those who believe and work righteousness" and uphold the unity of God, therefore any movement to establish the caliphates centered on human endeavours alone is bound to fail, particularly when the condition of the people diverges from the "precepts of prophethood" and they are as a result disunited, their inability to establish a caliphate caused fundamentally by the lack of righteousness in them. Although the caliph is elected, it is believed that God himself directs the hearts of believers towards an individual. Thus the caliph is designated neither necessarily by right (i.e. the rightful or competent one in the eyes of the people at that time) nor merely by election but primarily by God.{{citation needed|date=November 2024}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.alislam.org/quran/tafseer/?page=1870&region=E1 |title=The Holy Quran |publisher=Alislam.org |access-date=30 June 2014 |archive-date=26 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626144851/http://www.alislam.org/quran/tafseer/?page=1870&region=E1 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{ssn|date=November 2024}}

According to Ahmadiyya thought, a khalifa need not be the head of a state; rather the Ahmadiyya community emphasises the spiritual and organisational significance of the Khilāfah. It is primarily a religious/spiritual office, with the purpose of upholding, strengthening and spreading Islam and of maintaining the high spiritual and moral standards within the global community established by Muhammad—who was not merely a political leader but primarily a religious leader. If a khalifa does happen to bear governmental authority as a head of state, it is incidental and subsidiary in relation to his overall function as khalifa which is applicable to believers transnationally and not limited to one particular state.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.alislam.org/library/books/Khilafat-e-Rashida.pdf |title=Khilafat-e-Rashidah |access-date=30 June 2014 |archive-date=9 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151109181459/http://www.alislam.org/library/books/Khilafat-e-Rashida.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.alislam.org/egazette/updates/the-islamic-khilafat-its-rise-fall-and-re-emergence/ |title=The Islamic Khilafat – Its Rise, Fall, and Re-emergence |publisher=Alislam.org |access-date=30 June 2014 |date=3 March 2011 |archive-date=31 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150331080614/http://www.alislam.org/egazette/updates/the-islamic-khilafat-its-rise-fall-and-re-emergence/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

Ahmadi Muslims believe that God has assured them that this caliphate will endure to the end of time, depending on their righteousness and faith in God. The Khalifa provides unity, security, moral direction and progress for the community. It is required that the Khalifa carry out his duties through consultation and taking into consideration the views of the members of the ''Shura'' (consultative body). However, it is not incumbent upon him to always accept the views and recommendations of the members. The Khalifatul Masih has overall authority for all religious and organisational matters and is bound to decide and act in accordance with the Qur'an and sunnah.

==== Islamist call ====
A number of Islamist political parties and [[mujahideen]] called for the restoration of the caliphate by uniting Muslim nations, either through political action (e.g. [[Hizb ut-Tahrir]]), or through force (e.g. [[al-Qaeda]]).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/01/13/AR2006011301816_pf.html |title=Reunified Islam |work=Washingtonpost.com |date=13 January 2006 |access-date=30 August 2017 |archive-date=3 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803125357/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/01/13/AR2006011301816_pf.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Various Islamist movements gained momentum in recent years with the ultimate aim of establishing a caliphate. In 2014, ISIL/ISIS made a claim to re-establishing the caliphate. Those advocating the re-establishment of a caliphate differed in their methodology and approach. Some{{who|date=November 2010}} were locally oriented, mainstream political parties that had no apparent transnational objectives.{{citation needed|date=November 2010}}

[[Abul A'la Maududi]] believed the caliph was not just an individual ruler who had to be restored, but was man's representation of God's authority on Earth:
{{blockquote|''Khilafa'' means representative. Man, according to Islam is the representative of "people", His (God's) viceregent; that is to say, by virtue of the powers delegated to him, and within the limits prescribed by the Qu'ran and the teaching of the prophet, the caliph is required to exercise Divine authority.<ref>Abul A'al Mawdudi, ''Human Rights in Islam'', The Islamic Foundation, 1976, p. 9</ref>}}

The [[Muslim Brotherhood]] advocates [[pan-Islamic]] unity and the implementation of [[Islamic law]]. Founder [[Hassan al-Banna]] wrote about the restoration of the caliphate.<ref>Roy, Olivier, ''Failure of Islamism'', Harvard University Press, (1994) p. 42</ref>

One transnational group whose ideology was based specifically on restoring the caliphate as a pan-Islamic state is [[Hizb ut-Tahrir]] (literally, "Party of Liberation"). It is particularly strong in Central Asia and Europe and is growing in strength in the Arab world. It is based on the claim that Muslims can prove that God exists<ref>William Lane Craig, ''[http://www.leaderu.com/offices/billcraig/docs/mackie.html Professor Mackie and the Kalam Cosmological Argument] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080115155257/http://www.leaderu.com/offices/billcraig/docs/mackie.html |date=15 January 2008 }}''.</ref> and that the Qur'an is the word of God.{{citation needed|date=November 2024}} Hizb ut-Tahrir's stated strategy is a non-violent political and intellectual struggle.

In Southeast Asia, groups such as [[Jemaah Islamiyah]] aimed to establish a Caliphate across [[Indonesia]], [[Malaysia]], [[Brunei]] and parts of [[Thailand]], the [[Philippines]] and [[Cambodia]].{{citation needed|date=November 2024}}