Editing Composting toilet (section)

==== United States ====
No performance standards for composting toilets are universally accepted in the US. Seven jurisdictions in North America<ref>Oregon Onsite Advisory Committee [http://www.deq.state.or.us/wq/onsite/docs/AdvisoryCommitteeFinalReport20100208.pdf "Final Report of Recommended Changes to Rules Governing Onsite Systems"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930213747/http://www.deq.state.or.us/wq/onsite/docs/AdvisoryCommitteeFinalReport20100208.pdf |date=2011-09-30 }}, ''OR DEQ'', February 8, 2010, accessed May 8, 2011.</ref> use ''American National Standard/NSF International Standard ANSI/NSF 41-1998: Non-Liquid Saturated Treatment Systems''. An updated version was published in 2011.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://standards.nsf.org/kwspub/public/stds/2013_publications_brochure.pdf |title=PUBLICATIONS - Standards and Criteria - March 21, 2013 |publisher=NSF International |page=4 |quote=Wastewater Treatment Units ... NSF/ANSI 41 – 2011: Non-liquid saturated treatment systems (composting toilets) |access-date=24 March 2013 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Systems might also be listed with the Canadian Standards Association, cETL-US, and other standards programs.

Regarding byproduct regulation, several US states permit disposal of solids from composting toilets (usually a distinction between different types of dry toilets is not made) by burial, with varying or no minimum depth mandates (as little as 6 inches). For instance:
* Massachusetts: "Residuals from the composting toilet system must be buried on-site and covered with a minimum of six inches of clean compacted soil.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url = http://www.mass.gov/eea/agencies/massdep/water/wastewater/regulatory-provisions-for-compost-toilets-and-greywater.html|title = Regulatory Provisions for Composting Toilets and Greywater Systems|access-date = 13 January 2015|website = The Official Website of the Massachusetts Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs|publisher = Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs}}</ref> Massachusetts requires that any liquids produced but, "not recycled through the toilet [itself, be] either discharged through a greywater system on the property that includes a septic tank and soil absorption system, or removed by a licensed septage hauler."<ref name=":4" />
* Oregon: "Humus from composting toilets may be used around ornamental shrubs, flowers, trees, or fruit trees and shall be buried under at least twelve inches of soil cover."<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://secure.sos.state.or.us/oard/displayChapterRules.action?selectedChapter=68|title = Department of Consumer and Business Services, Building Codes Division, Division 770, Plumbing Product Approvals|access-date = 13 January 2015|website = Oregon Secretary of State|publisher = State of Oregon}}</ref>
* Rhode Island: "Solids produced by alternative toilets may be buried on site" while "residuals shall not be applied to food crops."<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.dem.ri.gov/pubs/regs/regs/water/owts10.pdf|title = State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations Department of Environmental Management, Office of Water Resources: "Rules Establishing Minimum Standards Relating to Location, Design, Construction and Maintenance of Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems"|date = July 2010|access-date = 13 January 2015|website = State of Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management|publisher = STATE OF RHODE ISLAND AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS|archive-date = 23 September 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150923213455/http://www.dem.ri.gov/pubs/regs/regs/water/owts10.pdf|url-status = dead}}</ref>
* Virginia: "All materials removed from a composting privy shall be buried," and "compost material shall not be placed in vegetable gardens or on the ground surface."<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.vdh.virginia.gov/EnvironmentalHealth/ONSITE/regulations/documents/2012/pdf/12%20VAC%205%20610.pdf|title = SEWAGE HANDLING AND DISPOSAL REGULATIONS (Emergency Regulations for Gravelless Material and Drip Dispersal), 12 VAC 5-610-10 et seq.|date = 14 March 2014|access-date = 13 January 2015|website = State of Virginia Department of Health|publisher = Commonwealth of Virginia}}</ref>
* Vermont: "Byproducts may be disposed via "...shallow burial in a location approved by the Agency that meets the minimum site conditions [required for an onsite septic tank-based sanitation system]."<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://drinkingwater.vt.gov/wastewater/pdf/finalwspwsrules.effective2007.09.29.pdf#zoom=100|title = Environmental Protection Rules, Chapter 1: Wastewater System and Potable Water Supply Rules|date = 29 September 2007|access-date = 14 January 2015|website = State of Vermont Drinking Water and Groundwater Protection Division|publisher = State of Vermont}}</ref>
* Washington: models its extensive regulations for what it refers to as "waterless toilets" on the federal regulations that govern [[sewage sludge]].<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.doh.wa.gov/Portals/1/Documents/Pubs/337-016.pdf|title = Recommended Standards and Guidance for Performance, Application, Design, and Operation & Maintenance: Water Conserving On-Site Wastewater Treatment Systems|date = July 2012|access-date = 14 January 2015|website = State of Washington Department of Health|publisher = State of Washington}}</ref>
The <span>Environmental Protection Agency has no jurisdiction over the byproducts of a dry toilet as long as waste are not referred to as "fertilizer" (but instead simply a material that is being disposed of). Federal rule 503, known colloquially as the "EPA Biosolids rule" or the "EPA sludge rule" applies only to fertilizer</span>. Thus, individual states regulate composting toilets.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://water.epa.gov/aboutow/owm/upload/2005_07_14_comp.pdf|title = Water Efficiency Technology Fact Sheet: Composting Toilets|date = September 1999|access-date = 13 January 2015|website = United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, Washington, D.C., EPA 832-F-99-066|publisher = United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?tpl=/ecfrbrowse/Title40/40cfr503_main_02.tpl|title = TITLE 40—Protection of Environment, Chapter I—Environmental Protection Agency (Continued), Subchapter O—Sewage Sludge, Part 503—Standards for the Use or Disposal of Sewage Sludge|access-date = 13 January 2015|website = Electronic Code of Federal Regulations|publisher = United States Government Publishing Office}}</ref>

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