Editing Digital microfluidics (section)

==== Miniature Mass Spectrometers ====
Conventional mass spectrometers are often large as well as prohibitively expensive and complex in their operation which has led to the increased attractiveness of miniature mass spectrometers (MMS) for a variety of applications. MMS are optimized towards affordability and simple operation, often forgoing the need for experienced technicians, having a low cost of manufacture, and being small enough in size to allow for the transfer of data collection from the laboratory into the field.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Ouyang Z, Cooks RG | title = Miniature mass spectrometers | journal = Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry | volume = 2 | issue = 1 | pages = 187–214 | date = 2009-07-19 | pmid = 20636059 | doi = 10.1146/annurev-anchem-060908-155229 | bibcode = 2009ARAC....2..187O }}</ref> These advantages often come at the cost of reduced performance where MMS resolution, as well as the limits of detection and quantitation, are often barely adequate to perform specialized tasks. The integration of DMF with MMS has the potential for significant improvement of MMS systems by increasing throughput, resolution, and automation, while decreasing solvent cost, enabling lab grade analysis at a much reduced cost. In one example the use of a custom DMF system for urine drug testing enabled the creation of an instrument weighing only 25&nbsp;kg with performance comparable to standard laboratory analysis.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kirby AE, Lafrenière NM, Seale B, Hendricks PI, Cooks RG, Wheeler AR | title = Analysis on the go: quantitation of drugs of abuse in dried urine with digital microfluidics and miniature mass spectrometry | journal = Analytical Chemistry | volume = 86 | issue = 12 | pages = 6121–6129 | date = June 2014 | pmid = 24906177 | doi = 10.1021/ac5012969 }}</ref>