Editing Guinea pig (section)

== Metaphorical usage ==
In [[English language|English]], the term "guinea pig" is commonly used as a metaphor for a subject of scientific experimentation, or in modern times a subject of any experiment or test. This usage dates back to the early 20th century: the earliest examples cited by the ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'' date from 1913 and 1920.<ref>{{OED|guinea pig, n. }}</ref> In 1933, [[Consumers' Research]] founders [[F. J. Schlink]] and [[Arthur Kallet]] wrote a book entitled ''[[100,000,000 Guinea Pigs]]'', extending the metaphor to consumer society.<ref>{{cite book|last1 = Kallet|first1 = Arthur|last2 = Schlink|first2 = F. J.|title = 100,000,000 Guinea Pigs: Dangers in Everyday Foods, Drugs, and Cosmetics|publisher = Vanguard Press|year = 1933|isbn = 978-0-405-08025-8}}</ref> The book became a national bestseller in the United States, thus further popularizing the term, and spurred the growth of the [[consumer protection]] movement.<ref>{{Cite book|last = McGovern|first = Charles|contribution = Consumption|editor-last = Whitfield|editor-first = Stephen J.|title = A Companion to 20th-Century America|year = 2004|page = [https://archive.org/details/companionto20thc0000unse/page/346 346]|publisher = Blackwell|isbn = 978-0-631-21100-6|url = https://archive.org/details/companionto20thc0000unse/page/346}}</ref> During [[World War II]], the [[Guinea Pig Club]] was established at [[Queen Victoria Hospital]], [[East Grinstead]], Sussex, England, as a social club and mutual support network for the patients of [[Plastic surgery|plastic surgeon]] [[Archibald McIndoe]], who were undergoing previously untested reconstruction procedures.<ref>{{cite book |first=Edward |last=Bishop |title=McIndoe's Army: the story of the Guinea Pig Club and its indomitable members |place=London |publisher=Grub Street |edition=revised |year=2004 |orig-date=2001 |isbn=1-904943-02-0 |pages=2–4 }}</ref> The negative connotation of the term was later employed in the novel ''The Guinea Pigs'' (1970) by [[Czechs|Czech]] author [[Ludvík Vaculík]] as an allegory for [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[totalitarianism]].<ref>{{cite book|last = Vaculík|first = Ludvík|title = The Guinea Pigs|publisher = Third Press|year = 1973|isbn = 978-0-89388-060-6|url = https://archive.org/details/guineapigsnovel00vacu}}</ref>