Editing Spain (section)

=== Science and technology ===
{{Main|Science and technology in Spain}}
[[File:Grantelescopio.jpg|thumb|The [[Gran Telescopio Canarias]] at sunset]]
The [[Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas]] (CSIC) is the leading public agency dedicated to scientific research in the country. It ranked as the 5th top governmental scientific institution worldwide (and 32nd overall) in the 2018 SCImago Institutions Rankings.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.scimagoir.com/rankings.php?sector=all|title=Scimago Institution Rankings|access-date=5 January 2018|archive-date=8 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200308131304/https://www.scimagoir.com/rankings.php?sector=all|url-status=live}}</ref> Spain was ranked 28th in the [[Global Innovation Index]] in 2024.<ref>{{Cite book |author=[[World Intellectual Property Organization]] |year=2024 |title=Global Innovation Index 2024: Unlocking the Promise of Social Entrepreneurship |url=https://www.wipo.int/web-publications/global-innovation-index-2024/en/ |access-date=2024-10-06 |page=18 |publisher=World Intellectual Property Organization |language=en |doi=10.34667/tind.50062 |isbn=978-92-805-3681-2}}</ref>

Higher education institutions perform about a 60% of the basic research in the country.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Do universities matter for the location of foreign R&D?|first1=Dolores|last1=Añón Higón|first2=Alfonso|doi=10.1177/23409444211042382|last2=Díez-Minguela|journal=Business Research Quarterly|page=1; 5|year=2021|volume=27 |issue=2 |s2cid=239695136|doi-access=free|hdl=10550/88686|hdl-access=free}}</ref> Likewise, the contribution of the private sector to R&D expenditures is much lower than in other EU and OECD countries.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://academic.oup.com/rev/article/29/4/392/6382447?login=false#304714258|title=Mapping heterogeneity in a research system: The emergence of a 'hybrid' organizational field between science and industry|first1=Sandro|last1=Giachi|first2=Manuel|last2=Fernández-Esquinas|journal=Research Evaluation|volume=29|issue=4|year=2020|pages=392–405|doi=10.1093/reseval/rvaa014|access-date=11 May 2022|archive-date=11 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220511005340/https://academic.oup.com/rev/article/29/4/392/6382447?login=false#304714258|url-status=live|doi-access=free}}</ref>