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===Enema=== * '''[[Tobacco smoke enema]]s''' were employed by the [[indigenous peoples of the Americas#North America|indigenous peoples of North America]] to stimulate respiration, injecting the smoke with a rectal tube.<ref>{{Citation |last1 = Hurt |first1 = Raymond |last2 = Barry |first2 = J. E. |last3 = Adams |first3 = A. P. |last4 = Fleming |first4 = P. R. |title = The History of Cardiothoracic Surgery from Early Times |publisher = Informa Health Care |page=120 |year = 1996 |isbn = 978-1-85070-681-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ShLvi_kRQtQC}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |doi = 10.2307/2843888 |last = Nordenskiold |first = Erland |title = The American Indian as an Inventor |jstor = 2843888 |journal = Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute |volume = 59 |page=277 |year = 1929}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Hurt|Barry|Adams|Fleming|1996|p=120}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Nordenskiold|1929|p=277}}</ref> Later, in the 18th century, Europeans emulated the Americans.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bcmj.org/special-feature/special-feature-tobacco-smoke-enemas |title=Special feature: Tobacco smoke enemas |author=Sterling Haynes, MD |date=December 2012 |work=British Columbia Medical Journal |publisher=Doctors of BC |access-date=March 29, 2019 }}</ref> Tobacco resuscitation kits consisting of a pair of bellows and a tube were provided by the Royal Humane Society of London and placed at various points along the Thames.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.rpharms.com/museum-pdfs/21-enemas.pdf |title = Information Sheet:21 Enemas |website = Information Sheets |publisher = Museum of the Royal Pharmaceutical Society, London |access-date=July 26, 2014}}</ref>
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