Editing Disability (section)

==== Insurance ====
Disability benefit, or [[disability pension]], is a major kind of [[disability insurance]] that is provided by government agencies to people who are temporarily or permanently unable to work due to a disability. In the US, the disability benefit is provided in the category of [[Supplemental Security Income]]. In Canada, it is within the [[Canada Pension Plan]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Canada |first=Service |date=October 14, 2015 |title=Canada Pension Plan disability benefits: Overview |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/services/benefits/publicpensions/cpp/cpp-disability-benefit.html |access-date=February 8, 2024 |website=www.canada.ca}}</ref> Following a long nationwide campaign involving hundreds of thousands of people the [[National Disability Insurance Scheme]] was introduced in Australia in 2013 to fund a number of supports.In other countries, disability benefits may be provided under [[social security]] systems.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Australian Progress |last2=McIntyre |first2=Iain |date=February 2, 2022 |title=Lessons from the Campaign to Stop Independent Assessments Webinar |url=https://commonslibrary.org/lessons-from-the-campaign-to-stop-independent-assessments-webinar/ |access-date=March 31, 2024 |website=The Commons Social Change Library |language=en-AU}}</ref>

Costs of disability pensions are steadily growing in Western countries, mainly in Europe and the United States. It was reported that, in the UK, expenditure on disability pensions accounted for 0.9% of [[gross domestic product (GDP)]] in 1980; two decades later it had reached 2.6% of GDP.<ref name=":4" /><ref name="Labriola-Lund-2007">{{cite journal |vauthors=Labriola M, Lund T |year=2007 |title=Self-reported sickness absence as a risk marker of future disability pension. Prospective findings from the DWECS/DREAM study 1990–2004 |journal=Int J Med Sci |volume=4 |issue=3 |pages=153–58 |doi=10.7150/ijms.4.153 |pmc=1885553 |pmid=17554400}}</ref> Several studies have reported a link between increased absence from work due to sickness and elevated risk of future disability pension.<ref name="pmid16497865">{{cite journal |vauthors=Virtanen M, Kivimäki M, Vahtera J, Elovainio M, Sund R, Virtanen P, Ferrie JE |year=2006 |title=Sickness absence as a risk factor for job termination, unemployment, and disability pension among temporary and permanent employees |journal=Occup Environ Med |volume=63 |issue=3 |pages=212–217 |doi=10.1136/oem.2005.020297 |pmc=2078149 |pmid=16497865}}</ref>

A study by researchers in Denmark suggests that information on self-reported days of absence due to sickness can be used to effectively identify future potential groups for disability pension.<ref name="Labriola-Lund-2007" /> These studies may provide useful information for policymakers, case managing authorities, employers, and physicians.

In Switzerland, social policies in the field of disability have been significantly reshaped over the last two decades by reducing the number of allowances awarded and by increasing the recourse to vocational rehabilitation measures. Drawing on interviews conducted with individuals who have been involved in programs set up by Swiss disability insurance, a study highlights their uncertainties and concerns relating to their place in society, as well as their reactions to disability insurance's interventions.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Piecek |first1=Monika |last2=Perrin |first2=Céline |last3=Tabin |first3=Jean-Pierre |last4=Probst |first4=Isabelle |date=January 17, 2019 |title=The 'compliant', the 'pacified' and the 'rebel': experiences with Swiss disability insurance |journal=Disability & Society |volume=34 |issue=4 |pages=583–606 |doi=10.1080/09687599.2018.1545115 |issn=0968-7599 |doi-access=free}} [[File:CC-BY icon.svg|50x50px]] Material was copied from this source, which is available under a [[creativecommons:by/4.0/|Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]].</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Tabin |first1=Jean-Pierre |last2=Piecek |first2=Monika |last3=Perrin |first3=Céline |last4=Probst |first4=Isabelle |date=September 19, 2019 |title=Three Dimensions in the Register of Shame |url=https://rdsjournal.org/index.php/journal/article/view/871 |url-status=live |journal=Review of Disability Studies |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=1–19 |issn=1552-9215 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204124336/https://rdsjournal.org/index.php/journal/article/view/871 |archive-date=February 4, 2020 |access-date=January 18, 2020}}</ref>

Private, for-profit disability insurance plays a role in providing incomes to disabled people, but the nationalized programs are the safety net that catch most claimants.