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Performance art
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== 1990s == [[File:Le pavillon de la Roumanie (55ème Biennale de Venise) (10168263944).jpg|left|thumb|Performance in the Romanian Pavilion of the Venice Biennial]] [[File:Hsieh- 5782-sm (5132854315).jpg|thumb|Exhibition by Chinese artist Tehching Hsieh with documentation of his first performance artworks]] The 1990s was a period of absence for classic European performance, so performance artists kept a low profile. Nevertheless, Eastern Europe experienced a peak. On the other hand, Latin American performance continued to boom, as well as feminist performance art. There also was a peak of this discipline in Asian countries, whose motivation emerged from the [[Butō]] dance in the 1950s, but in this period they professionalized and new Chinese artists arose, earning great recognition. There was also a general professionalization in the increase of exhibitions dedicated to performance art, at the opening of the Venice Art Biennial to performance art, where various artists of this discipline have won the Leone d'Oro, including [[Anne Imhof]], [[Regina José Galindo]] or [[Santiago Sierra]]. [[File:Art Performance Center at Taitung University.jpg|thumb|Museum and centre specialized in performance art in Taitung University]] === Performance with political context === While the [[Soviet Bloc]] dissolved, some forbidden performance art pieces began to spread. Young artists from the former Eastern Bloc, including Russia, devoted themselves to performance art. Scenic arts emerged around the same time in Cuba, the Caribbean and China. "In these contexts, performance art became a new critical voice with a social strength similar to that of Western Europe, the United States and South America in the sixties and early seventies. It must be emphasized that the rise of performance art in the 1990s in Eastern Europe, China, South Africa, Cuba and other places must not be considered secondary or an imitation of the West".<ref name="Montano">{{cite book|last1=Montano|first1=Linda M.|title=Performance artists talking in the eighties|publisher=University of California Press Berkeley|year=2000|location=Los Angeles, London|pages=479, 1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5Bl6wm-cV_oC&q=performance+art+1990s&pg=PA479|access-date=March 31, 2011|isbn=0-520-21022-0}}</ref> === Professionalization of performance art === In the Western World, in the 1990s, performance art joined the mainstream culture. Diverse performance artworks, live, photographed or through documentation started to become part of galleries and museums that began to understand performance art as an art discipline.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Targ Brill|first1=Marlene|title=America in the 1990s|publisher=Lerner Publishing Group|year=2009|pages=93, 1|location=Minneapolis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BNXeIFQScocC&q=performance|access-date=March 11, 2011|isbn=978-0-8225-7603-7}}</ref> Nevertheless, it was not until the next decade that a major institutionalization happened, when every museum started to incorporate performance art pieces into their collections and dedicating great exhibitions and retrospectives, museums such as the [[Tate Modern]] in London, the [[MoMA]] in New York City or the [[Pompidou Centre]] in Paris. From the 1990s on, many more performance artists were invited to important biennials like the [[Venice Biennale]], the [[Sao Paulo Biennial]] and the [[Lyon]] Biennial. === Performance in China === {{Main|Performance art in China}} In the late 1990s, Chinese contemporary art and performance art received great recognition internationally, as 19 Chinese artists were invited to the Venice Biennial.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Berghuis|first=Thomas J.|title=Performance Art in China|date=2006|publisher=Timezone 8|location=Hong Kong|isbn=9889926598|page=52}}</ref><ref name="observer">{{cite news|author=Cooper, Rafi|url=http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/visualart/story/0,,2289411,00.html|title=Cultural revolutionary|work=The Observer|location=UK|date=July 6, 2008|access-date=May 27, 2020}}</ref> Performance art in China and its history had been growing since the 1970s due to the interest between art, process and tradition in Chinese culture, but it gained recognition from the 1990s on.<ref name="yishu-online 1008">{{Cite web|url=https://yishu-online.com/browse-articles/?1008|title=Up Against the Wall: Contemporary Chinese Performance Art and the Great Wall|last=Chan|first=Shing-Kwan|date=September 2019|publisher=Yishu: Journal of Contemporary Chinese Art|volume=18|number=5|page=45}}</ref><ref name="Montano" /> In China, performance art is part of the fine arts education programme, and is becoming more and more popular.<ref name="yishu-online 1008" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wolseleymedia.com.au/AP-Ai-Weiwei.html|title=Ai Weiwei|publisher=wolseleymedia.com.au|year=2008|access-date=May 27, 2020}}{{Dead link|date=March 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> In the early 1990s, Chinese performance art was already acclaimed in the international art scene.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://publicdelivery.org/he-yunchang/|title=He Yunchang, China|access-date=May 27, 2020|date=2014|publisher=Public Delivery}}</ref><ref name="yishu-online 1008" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aaa.org.hk/en/collection/search/archive/li-xianting-archive-concept-21-21/object/performance-by-concept-21-at-the-great-wall-21-192555|title=Performance by Concept 21 at the Great Wall|access-date=May 27, 2020|website=Asia Art Archive}}</ref> <gallery widths="200" heights="200"> File:Fitness culturel (Biennale 2013, Lyon) (10787512893).jpg|Performance art in the Lyon Biennale File:Fitness culturel (Biennale 2013, Lyon) (10783977835).jpg|Performance art in the Lyon Biennale File:Le pavillon de la Roumanie (55ème Biennale de Venise) (10168262204).jpg|Performance at the entrance of the Romanian Pavilion at the [[Venice Biennale]] File:Table with Accumulator Beuys Tate Modern AR00603.jpg|Performative installation by [[Joseph Beuys]] in the [[Tate Modern]] of London File:Re publica 2013 Tag 3 – Ai Weiwei (8735247120).jpg|Video installation with the Chinese artist [[Ai Weiwei]] File:Documentation of Tehching Hsieh's project in NYC (1395277535).jpg|[[Tehching Hsieh]] exhibition in downtown New York City File:Chien-Chi Chang-China Town Venezia Biennale-2009.jpg|China Pavilion at the Venice Biennale File:Wang Xiaoshuai-2120.jpg|Portrait of [[Wang Xiaoshuai]] File:Liu Xiaodong.jpg|[[Liu Xiaodong]] during a performance artwork </gallery>
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