Editing Textile (section)

=== Natural fibers ===

====Plant====
[[File:Brudekjole, 1797.jpg|thumb|Bridal gown made from nettle fibers, probably worn by Eleonora Sophie Rantzau (1779-) at her wedding to [[Preben Bille-Brahe]], [[Hvedholm Castle]]. [[National Museum of Denmark]].]]
* [[Poaceae|Grass]], [[Juncaceae|rush]], [[hemp]], and [[sisal]] are all used in making [[rope]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=URbaUVdk1NwC&dq=Grass,+rush,+hemp,+and+sisal+are+all+used+in+making+rope.&pg=PR41 |title=The Atlas of the World Commerce Maps, Text and Diagrams |date=1907 |publisher=Newnes |pages=xli |language=en |access-date=2023-05-28 |archive-date=2023-05-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528130716/https://books.google.com/books?id=URbaUVdk1NwC&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PR41&dq=Grass,+rush,+hemp,+and+sisal+are+all+used+in+making+rope.&hl=en |url-status=live }}</ref> In the first two, the entire plant is used for this purpose, while in the last two, only fibers from the plant are used. [[Coir]] ([[coconut]] fiber) is used in making [[twine]], and also in floormats, [[Mat|doormats]], [[brush]]es, [[mattress]]es, floor tiles, and [[Bag|sacking]].
* [[Straw]] and [[bamboo textiles|bamboo]] are both used to make hats. Straw, a dried form of grass, is also used for stuffing, as is [[Ceiba pentandra|kapok]].
* Fibers from [[pulpwood]] trees, cotton, [[rice paper|rice]], hemp, and [[Urtica dioica|nettle]] are used in making paper.
* Cotton, [[Linen|flax]], [[jute]], [[hemp]], [[Modal (textile)|modal]], [[banana fiber|banana]], [[Bamboo textile|bamboo]], [[Lotus silk|lotus]], [[eucalyptus]], [[Morus (plant)|mulberry]], and [[sugarcane]] are all used in clothing.<ref name=TH_1>{{cite web| title=Tiare Hawai'i Is Making Ultra-Cute Dresses from Pineapple, Banana and Eucalyptus| author=Thalmann, B.|
url=https://www.honolulumagazine.com/tiare-hawaii-is-making-ultra-cute-dresses-from-pineapple-banana-and-eucalyptus| website=[[Honolulu Magazine]]| date=30 August 2022| access-date=1 February 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Hendrickx |first1=Katrien |url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=ULyu8dNqS1sC|page=188}} |title=The Origins of Banana-fibre Cloth in the Ryukyus, Japan |publisher=Leuven University Press |year=2007 |isbn=978-90-5867-614-6 |page=188 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180327155254/https://books.google.com/books?id=ULyu8dNqS1sC&pg=PA188&dq=banana%20textile#v=onepage&q=banana%20textile |archive-date=27 March 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=BS_1>{{cite web| title=Banana Saris, Lotus Shawls, Bamboo Jeans: How Desi Fashion Is Going Green!| author=Kadapa-Bose, S.| url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/262318/sustainable-fashion-designers-clothes-plant-fabric-banana-bamboo-cloth| website=the better india| date=15 September 2021| access-date=1 February 2024}}</ref> [[Piña]] ([[pineapple]] fiber) and [[ramie]] are also fibers used in clothing, generally with a blend of other fibers such as cotton. Nettles have also been used to make a fiber and fabric very similar to hemp or flax. The use of milkweed stalk fiber has also been reported, but it tends to be somewhat weaker than other fibers like hemp or flax.
* The inner bark of the [[Lagetta lagetto|lacebark tree]] is a fine netting that has been used to make clothing and accessories as well as utilitarian articles such as rope.
* [[cellulose acetate|Acetate]] is used to increase the shininess of certain fabrics such as silks, [[velvet]]s, and [[taffeta]]s.
* [[Seaweed]] is used in the production of textiles: a water-soluble fiber known as [[Alginic acid|alginate]] is produced and is used as a holding fiber; when the cloth is finished, the alginate is dissolved, leaving an open area.
* [[Rayon]] is a manufactured fiber derived from plant pulp.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Anstey |first=H. (Helen) |url=http://archive.org/details/ansteywestonguid0000anst |title=The Anstey Weston guide to textile terms |date=1997 |location=Great Britain |publisher= Weston |isbn=978-0-9530130-0-5}}</ref> Different types of rayon can imitate [[Hand feel|feel]] and texture of silk, cotton, wool, or linen.

Fibers from the stalks of plants, such as hemp, flax, and nettles, are also known as 'bast' fibers. Hemp fiber is yellowish-brown fiber made from the hemp plant. The fiber characteristics are coarser, harsher,{{clarify|coarser and harsher than what?|date=September 2023}} strong and lightweight. Hemp fiber is used primary to make twine, rope and cordage.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cohen |first1=Allen |title=J.J. Pizzuto's Fabric Science |date=11 November 2011 |publisher=Fairchild Books |isbn=978-1-60901-380-6 |edition=tenth |page=41}}</ref>

====Animal====
Animal textiles are commonly made from hair, fur, skin, or silk (in the case of silkworms).{{clarify|Use of skin in textiles|date=September 2023}}
* Wool refers to the hair of the domestic sheep or goat, which is distinguished from other types of animal hair in that the individual strands are coated with scales and tightly crimped, and the wool as a whole is coated with a [[wax]] mixture known as [[lanolin]] (sometimes called wool grease), which is waterproof and dirtproof.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Vatin Nikolai Ivanovich |first=Alexandr A. Berlin, Roman Joswik |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mt6YCgAAQBAJ&dq=lanolin++is+waterproof+and+dirtproof&pg=PA142 |title=Engineering Textiles |publisher=Apple Academic Press |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-4987-0603-2 |pages=142 |access-date=2023-03-19 |archive-date=2023-04-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405081531/https://books.google.com/books?id=Mt6YCgAAQBAJ&dq=lanolin++is+waterproof+and+dirtproof&pg=PA142 |url-status=live }}</ref> The lanolin and other contaminants are removed from the raw wool before further processing.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Arno Cahn |first=Edward C. Leonard, Edward George Perkins |title=Proceedings of the World Conference on Palm and Coconut Oils for the 21st Century |publisher=AOCS Press |year=1999 |isbn=978-0-935315-99-8 |pages=115}}</ref> [[Woollen|Woolen]] refers to a yarn produced from carded, non-parallel fibre, while [[worsted]] refers to a finer yarn spun from longer fibers which have been combed to be parallel.
** Other animal textiles which are made from hair or fur are [[alpaca wool]], [[vicuña wool]], [[llama wool]], [[chiengora]], [[shatoosh]], [[yak fiber]] and [[camel hair]], generally used in the production of coats, jackets, [[poncho]]s, blankets, and other warm coverings.
** ''[[Cashmere wool|Cashmere]]'', the hair of the Indian [[cashmere goat]], and [[mohair]], the hair of the North African [[angora goat]], are types of wool known for their softness. [[Pashmina]] is a type of very fine cashmere wool. Used in the production of sweaters and scarfs.
** ''[[Angora wool|Angora]]'' refers to the long, thick, soft hair of the [[angora rabbit]]. [[Qiviut]] is the fine inner wool of the [[muskox]].
* [[Silk]] is an animal textile made from the fibres of the [[Cocoon (silk)|cocoon]] of the Chinese [[silkworm]] which is spun into a smooth fabric prized for its softness. There are two main types of the silk: 'mulberry silk' produced by the ''[[Bombyx mori]]'', and 'wild silk' such as [[Wild silk|Tussah silk]] (wild silk). Silkworm larvae produce the first type if cultivated in habitats with fresh mulberry leaves for consumption, while Tussah silk is produced by silkworms feeding purely on oak leaves. Around four-fifths of the world's silk production consists of cultivated silk.<ref>{{cite web |last=Trevisan |first=Adrian |title=Cocoon Silk: A Natural Silk Architecture |url=http://www.senature.com/research/publications/cocoon-silk-a-natural-architecture |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507085636/http://www.senature.com/research/publications/cocoon-silk-a-natural-architecture |archive-date=2012-05-07 |publisher=Sense of Nature}}</ref> Silk products include pillow covers, dresses, tops, skirts, bed sheets, curtains.

====Microbes====
[[Bacterial cellulose]] can be made from industrial organic and agricultural waste, and used as material for textiles and clothing.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://stockhead.com.au/health/why-nanollose-is-on-the-verge-of-a-major-market-opportunity-with-its-fibre-conversion-technology-as-global-fashion-brands-come-knocking/ |title=Why Nanollose is on the verge of a major market opportunity with its fibre conversion technology, as global fashion brands come knocking |date=14 February 2022 |access-date=2022-09-26 |archive-date=2022-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215183949/https://stockhead.com.au/health/why-nanollose-is-on-the-verge-of-a-major-market-opportunity-with-its-fibre-conversion-technology-as-global-fashion-brands-come-knocking/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Mineral====
* Asbestos and [[basalt fibre]] are used for vinyl tiles, sheeting and adhesives, "transite" panels and siding, acoustical ceilings, stage curtains, and fire blankets.
* [[Glass fibre]] is used in the production of ironing board and mattress covers, ropes and cables, reinforcement fibre for composite materials, insect netting, flame-retardant and protective fabric, soundproof, fireproof, and insulating fibres. Glass fibres are woven and coated with [[Teflon]] to produce [[beta cloth]], a virtually fireproof fabric which replaced nylon in the outer layer of United States [[space suit]]s since 1968.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=toeN-glF_nsC&dq=beta+cloth,+a+virtually+fireproof+fabric+which+replaced+nylon+in+the+outer+layer+of+United+States+space+suits+since+1968&pg=PA469-IA2 |title=Apollo Accident, Hearing .... |date=1968 |pages=469, 557 |language=en |access-date=2023-05-28 |archive-date=2023-05-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528133641/https://books.google.com/books?id=toeN-glF_nsC&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA469-IA2&dq=beta+cloth,+a+virtually+fireproof+fabric+which+replaced+nylon+in+the+outer+layer+of+United+States+space+suits+since+1968&hl=en |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Metal fibre, metal foil, and metal wire have a variety of uses, including the production of [[cloth-of-gold]] and jewellery. [[Hardware cloth]] (US term only) is a coarse woven [[mesh]] of steel wire, used in construction. It is much like standard [[window screen]]ing, but heavier and with a more open weave.

Minerals and natural and synthetic fabrics may be combined, as in [[emery cloth]], a layer of [[Emery (rock)|emery]] abrasive glued to a cloth backing. Also, "sand cloth" is a US term for fine wire mesh with abrasive glued to it, employed like emery cloth or coarse [[sandpaper]].