Editing Brahmi script (section)

==Late Brahmi or "Gupta Brahmi" (4th–6th centuries CE)==
{{main|Gupta script}}
{{see also|Gupta Empire}}

===Independent vowels===
{{multiple image
| align=right
| direction =horizontal
| header=Late Brahmi vowel diacritics
| total_width=500
| image1   = Gupta script diacritics.jpg
| caption1 = Gupta script vowel diacritics ([[Allahabad pillar|Allahabad]] standard).<ref name="DBS">{{cite book |title=Das Buch der Schrift: Enthaltend die Schriftzeichen und Alphabete aller ... |date=1880 |publisher=K. k. Hof- und Staatsdruckerei |page=126 |url=https://archive.org/details/dasbuchderschri01faulgoog/page/n142 |language=de}}</ref><ref name="GU">{{cite web |title=Gupta Unicode |url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2003/03249r-brahmi-proposal.pdf |access-date=2019-08-18 |archive-date=2021-12-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203164930/https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2003/03249r-brahmi-proposal.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref>
| image2   = Gupta diacritics and compounds.jpg
| caption2 = Usage examples.<ref name="DBS" /><ref name="GU" />
| footer=
}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!Letter
!IAST and<br />Sanskrit IPA
!Letter
!IAST and<br />Sanskrit IPA
|-
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad a.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|a}}&nbsp;{{IPA|/ə/}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad aa.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|ā}}&nbsp;{{IPA|/aː/}}
|-
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad i.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|i}}&nbsp;{{IPA|/i/}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |
|{{IAST|ī}}&nbsp;{{IPA|/iː/}}
|-
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad u.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|u}}&nbsp;{{IPA|/u/}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |
|{{IAST|ū}}&nbsp;{{IPA|/uː/}}
|-
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad e.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|e}}&nbsp;{{IPA|/eː/}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad o.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|o}}&nbsp;{{IPA|/oː/}}
|-
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |
|{{IAST|ai}}&nbsp;{{IPA|/əi/}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad au.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|au}}&nbsp;{{IPA|/əu/}}
|-
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |{{script|Brah|𑀋}}
|{{IAST|ṛ}}&nbsp;{{IPA|/r̩/}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |{{script|Brah|𑀌}}
|{{IAST|ṝ}}&nbsp;{{IPA|/r̩ː/}}
|-
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |{{script|Brah|𑀍}}
|{{IAST|l̩}}&nbsp;{{IPA|/l̩/}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |{{script|Brah|𑀎}}
|{{IAST|ḹ}}&nbsp;{{IPA|/l̩ː/}}
|}

===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:95%"
!
! colspan="8" |[[Stop consonant|Stop]]
! colspan="2" |[[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
! colspan="2" |[[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
! colspan="4" |[[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
|-
![[Voice (phonetics)|Voicing]] →
| colspan="4" |Voiceless
| colspan="8" style="background:beige;" |Voiced
| colspan="2" |Voiceless
| colspan="2" style="background:beige;" |Voiced
|-
![[Aspiration (phonetics)|Aspiration]] →
| colspan="2" |No
| colspan="2" style="background:beige;" |Yes
| colspan="2" |No
| colspan="2" style="background:beige;" |Yes
| colspan="4" |No
| colspan="4" style="background:beige;" |Yes
|-
![[Velar consonants|Velar]]
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad k.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|ka}}&nbsp;{{nowrap|{{IPA|/k/}}}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad kh.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|kha}}&nbsp;{{nowrap|{{IPA|/kʰ/}}}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad g.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|ga}}&nbsp;{{nowrap|{{IPA|/g/}}}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad gh.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|gha}}&nbsp;{{nowrap|{{IPA|/ɡʱ/}}}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad ng.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|ṅa}}&nbsp;{{nowrap|{{IPA|/ŋ/}}}}
| colspan="4" |
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad h.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|ha}}&nbsp;{{nowrap|{{IPA|/ɦ/}}}}
|-
![[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad c.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|ca}}&nbsp;{{nowrap|{{IPA|/c/}}}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad ch.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|cha}}&nbsp;{{nowrap|{{IPA|/cʰ/}}}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad j.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|ja}}&nbsp;{{nowrap|{{IPA|/ɟ/}}}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta ashoka jh.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|jha}}&nbsp;{{nowrap|{{IPA|/ɟʱ/}}}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad ny.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|ña}}&nbsp;{{nowrap|{{IPA|/ɲ/}}}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad y.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|ya}}&nbsp;{{nowrap|{{IPA|/j/}}}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad sh.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|śa}}&nbsp;{{nowrap|{{IPA|/ɕ/}}}}
| colspan="2" rowspan="4" |
|-
![[Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad tt.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|ṭa}}&nbsp;{{nowrap|{{IPA|/ʈ/}}}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad tth.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|ṭha}}&nbsp;{{nowrap|{{IPA|/ʈʰ/}}}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad dd.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|ḍa}}&nbsp;{{nowrap|{{IPA|/ɖ/}}}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad ddh.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|ḍha}}&nbsp;{{nowrap|{{IPA|/ɖʱ/}}}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad nn.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|ṇa}}&nbsp;{{nowrap|{{IPA|/ɳ/}}}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad r.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|ra}}&nbsp;{{nowrap|{{IPA|/r/}}}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad ss.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|ṣa}}&nbsp;{{nowrap|{{IPA|/ʂ/}}}}
|-
![[Dental consonant|Dental]]
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad t.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|ta}}&nbsp;{{nowrap|{{IPA|/t̪/}}}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad th.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|tha}}&nbsp;{{nowrap|{{IPA|/t̪ʰ/}}}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad d.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|da}}&nbsp;{{nowrap|{{IPA|/d̪/}}}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad dh.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|dha}}&nbsp;{{nowrap|{{IPA|/d̪ʱ/}}}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad n.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|na}}&nbsp;{{nowrap|{{IPA|/n/}}}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad l.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|la}}&nbsp;{{nowrap|{{IPA|/l/}}}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad s.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|sa}}&nbsp;{{nowrap|{{IPA|/s/}}}}
|-
![[Labial consonant|Labial]]
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad p.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|pa}}&nbsp;{{nowrap|{{IPA|/p/}}}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad ph.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|pha}}&nbsp;{{nowrap|{{IPA|/pʰ/}}}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad b.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|ba}}&nbsp;{{nowrap|{{IPA|/b/}}}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad bh.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|bha}}&nbsp;{{nowrap|{{IPA|/bʱ/}}}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad m.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|ma}}&nbsp;{{nowrap|{{IPA|/m/}}}}
| style="background:#ccc; font-size:24px;" |[[File:Gupta allahabad v.svg|24px]]
|{{IAST|va}}&nbsp;{{nowrap|{{IPA|/w, ʋ/}}}}
| colspan="2" |
|}

===Examples===
<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px" perrow="4">
File:Kanheri-brahmi.jpg|[[Gupta script]] on stone [[Kanheri Caves]], one of the earliest descendants of Brahmi
File:Barabar Caves Gopika Cave Inscription of Anantavarman 5th- or 6th-century CE Sanskrit in Gupta script.jpg|The [[Gopika Cave Inscription]] of Anantavarman, in the [[Sanskrit]] language and using the Gupta script. [[Barabar Caves]], [[Bihar]],  or 6th century CE.
File:Mihirakula of the Alchon Huns.jpg|Coin of [[Alchon Huns]] ruler [[Mihirakula]]. Obv: Bust of king, with legend in [[Gupta script]] ([[File:Gupta_allahabad_j.svg|12px]])[[File:Gupta_allahabad_y.svg|12px]][[File:Gupta_allahabad_tu.jpg|12px]]<sup>[[File:Gupta_allahabad_mi.jpg|12px]][[File:Gupta ashoka hi.jpg|14px]]</sup>[[File:Gupta_allahabad_r.svg|12px]][[File:Gupta_allahabad_ku.jpg|12px]][[File:Gupta_allahabad_l.svg|12px]],<ref>The "h" ([[File:Gupta ashoka h.svg|12px]]) is an early variant of the Gupta script</ref> ''(Ja)yatu Mihirakula'' ("Let there be victory to Mihirakula").<ref>{{cite book |last1=Verma |first1=Thakur Prasad |title=The Imperial Maukharis: History of Imperial Maukharis of Kanauj and Harshavardhana |date=2018 |publisher=Notion Press |isbn=9781643248813 |page=264 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=09FqDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT264 |language=hi |access-date=2019-08-20 |archive-date=2020-07-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727133323/https://books.google.com/books?id=09FqDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT264 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Sircar |first1=D. C. |title=Studies in Indian Coins |date=2008 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=9788120829732 |page=376 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m1JYwP5tVQUC&pg=PA376 |language=en |access-date=2019-08-20 |archive-date=2020-07-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727133143/https://books.google.com/books?id=m1JYwP5tVQUC&pg=PA376 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Tandon |first1=Pankaj |pages=24–34 |title=Notes on the Evolution of Alchon Coins Journal of the Oriental Numismatic Society, No. 216, Summer 2013 |date=2013 |publisher=Oriental Numismatic Society |url=http://coinindia.com/galleries-alchon-early.html |access-date=2019-08-20 |archive-date=2019-08-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190809153121/http://coinindia.com/galleries-alchon-early.html |url-status=live}} also [http://coinindia.com/galleries-toramana.html Coinindia Alchon Coins (for an exact description of this coin type)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190809153724/http://coinindia.com/galleries-toramana.html |date=2019-08-09}}</ref>
File:Sanchi, Inscription of Candragupta II..JPG|[[Sanchi inscription of Chandragupta II]].
</gallery>