Editing Brain tumor (section)

===Children===
In the United States more than 28,000 people under 20 are estimated to have a brain tumor.<ref name="Quick Brain Tumor Facts">{{Cite web|url=http://braintumor.org/brain-tumor-information/brain-tumor-facts/|title=Quick Brain Tumor Facts|website=National Brain Tumor Society|access-date=14 February 2019}}</ref> About 3,720 new cases of brain tumors are expected to be diagnosed in those under 15 in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cbtrus.org/factsheet/factsheet.html|title=CBTRUS – 2018 CBTRUS Fact Sheet|website=cbtrus.org|access-date=14 February 2019|archive-date=14 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190214061511/http://www.cbtrus.org/factsheet/factsheet.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Higher rates were reported in 1985–1994 than in 1975–1983. There is some debate as to the reasons; one theory is that the trend is the result of improved diagnosis and reporting, since the jump occurred at the same time that [[Magnetic resonance imaging|MRIs]] became available widely, and there was no coincident jump in [[Mortality rate|mortality]]. Central nervous system tumors make up 20–25 percent of cancers in children.<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal| vauthors = Hoda SA, Cheng E |date=6 November 2017|title=Robbins Basic Pathology|journal=American Journal of Clinical Pathology |volume=148 |issue=6 |pages=557 |doi=10.1093/ajcp/aqx095 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="r2" /><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Chamberlain MC, Kormanik PA | title = Practical guidelines for the treatment of malignant gliomas | journal = The Western Journal of Medicine | volume = 168 | issue = 2 | pages = 114–120 | date = February 1998 | pmid = 9499745 | pmc = 1304839 }}</ref>

The average survival rate for all primary brain cancers in children is 74%.<ref name="Quick Brain Tumor Facts"/> Brain cancers are the most common cancer in children under 19, are result in more death in this group than [[leukemia]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fortune.com/2016/09/16/cancer-in-children-deaths/|title=Childhood Brain Cancer Now Leads to More Deaths than Leukemia|website=Fortune|access-date=14 February 2019}}</ref> Younger people do less well.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://seer.cancer.gov/publications/childhood/cns.pdf |title=CNS and Miscellaneous Intracranial and Intraspinal Neoplasms |access-date=4 December 2008 |vauthors=Gurney JG, Smith MA, Bunin GR |work=SEER Pediatric Monograph |publisher=[[National Cancer Institute]] |pages=51–57 |quote=In the US, approximately 2,200 children and adolescents younger than 20 years of age are diagnosed with malignant central nervous system tumors each year. More than 90 percent of primary CNS malignancies in children are located within the brain. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217044133/http://seer.cancer.gov/publications/childhood/cns.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2008  }}</ref>

The most common brain tumor types in children (0–14) are: [[pilocytic astrocytoma]], [[Glioma|malignant glioma]], [[medulloblastoma]], neuronal and mixed neuronal-glial tumors, and [[ependymoma]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.lecturio.com/concepts/ependymoma/| title=Ependymoma|website=The Lecturio Medical Concept Library |access-date= 19 July 2021}}</ref>

In children under 2, about 70% of brain tumors are [[medulloblastoma]]s, [[ependymoma]]s, and low-grade [[glioma]]s. Less commonly, and seen usually in infants, are [[teratoma]]s and [[ATRT|atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor]]s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.childhoodbraintumor.org/brain-tumor-types-and-imaging/163-infantile-brain-tumors.html |title=Infantile Brain Tumors | vauthors = Rood BR |publisher=The Childhood Brain Tumor Foundation |access-date=23 July 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121111030047/http://www.childhoodbraintumor.org/brain-tumor-types-and-imaging/163-infantile-brain-tumors.html |archive-date=11 November 2012  }}</ref> [[Germ cell tumor]]s, including teratomas, make up just 3% of pediatric primary brain tumors, but the worldwide incidence varies significantly.<ref name=pmid18586924>{{cite journal | vauthors = Echevarría ME, Fangusaro J, Goldman S | title = Pediatric central nervous system germ cell tumors: a review | journal = The Oncologist | volume = 13 | issue = 6 | pages = 690–9 | date = June 2008 | pmid = 18586924 | doi = 10.1634/theoncologist.2008-0037 | s2cid = 8114229 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

In the UK, 429 children aged 14 and under are diagnosed with a brain tumour on average each year, and 563 children and young people under the age of 19 are diagnosed.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thebraintumourcharity.org/understanding-brain-tumours/symptoms-and-information/childhood-brain-tumours/|title=About childhood brain tumours|access-date=16 June 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807085945/https://www.thebraintumourcharity.org/understanding-brain-tumours/symptoms-and-information/childhood-brain-tumours/|archive-date=7 August 2016}}</ref>