Editing Cluj-Napoca (section)

===Historical architecture===
[[File:Palatul Banffy, azi Muzeul de Artă 20180321 121552 07.jpg|thumb|[[Bánffy Palace]]]]
[[File:Cluj Napoca - Palatul Szeki (2023) - img 01.jpg|thumb|[[Széki Palace, Cluj-Napoca|Széki Palace]]]]
The nucleus of the old city, an important cultural and commercial centre, used to be a military camp, attested in documents with the name "castrum Clus".

[[File:CatedralaSfMihail (32).JPG|thumb|left|[[Iuliu Maniu Street, Cluj-Napoca|Iuliu Maniu Street]]: construction of this symmetrical street was undertaken during the 19th century.]]

The oldest residence in Cluj-Napoca is the [[Matthias Corvinus House, Cluj-Napoca|Matthias Corvinus House]], originally a Gothic structure that bears Transylvanian [[Renaissance architecture|Renaissance]] characteristics due to a later renovation.<ref>Lazarovici et al. 1997, p.56 (3.2 Monumente medievale)</ref> Such changes feature on other Hungarian townspeople's residences, built from the mid-15th century mostly of stone and wood with a cellar, ground floor and upper storey, in the Late Gothic and Renaissance styles; although the late medieval houses have often been considerably altered, the street façades of the old town are mostly preserved.<ref name="Oxford University Press-2008">{{Cite web |year=2008 |title=Cluj-Napoca |url=http://www.oxfordartonline.com/subscriber/article/grove/art/T018268 |access-date=2008-10-10 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> [[St. Michael's Church, Cluj-Napoca|St. Michael's Church]], the oldest and most representative Gothic-style building in the country, dates back to the 14th century. The oldest of its sections is the altar, dedicated in 1390, while the newest part is the clock tower, which was built in [[Gothic Revival architecture|Gothic Revival]] style (1860).<ref name="Lukács 2005-2"/>

As Renaissance styles survived late in the city, the appearance of Baroque art was also delayed, but from the mid-18th century Klausenburg was once again at the centre of the development and spread of art in Transylvania, as it had been two centuries earlier. The first enthusiasts for Baroque were the Catholic Church and the landed aristocracy. Artists came initially from south Germany and Austria, but by the end of the century most of the work was by local craftsmen. The earliest signs of the new style appear in the furnishings of St. Michael's church: the altarpieces and pulpit, which date to the 1740s, are carved, painted and richly decorated with figures. An altarpiece depicting the ''[[Adoration of the Magi in art|Adoration of the Magi]]'' (1748–50) is the work of [[Franz Anton Maulbertsch]]. The [[Cluj-Napoca Piarists' Church|earliest two-towered Baroque church]] was built by the Jesuits from 1718 to 1724 on the pattern of [[Košice]] and was later handed over to the Piarists. During the century more simply designed Baroque churches were built for the mendicant orders, Lutherans, Unitarians and the Orthodox Church. The noble families built houses and even palaces in the old town.<ref name="Oxford University Press-2008"/> The Baroque [[Bánffy Palace]] (1774–1785), constructed around a rectangular yard, is the masterpiece of Eberhardt Blaumann. Its peculiarity lies in the appearance of the principal façade.<ref name="Ion Mincu"/>

Both [[Avram Iancu Square, Cluj-Napoca|Avram Iancu]] and [[Unirii Square, Cluj-Napoca|Unrii Squares]] feature ensembles of [[Eclecticism|eclectic]] and [[baroque]]–[[rococo]] architecture, including the [[Palace of Justice, Cluj-Napoca|Palace of Justice]],<ref name="Cluj Tribunal"/> the [[Cluj-Napoca National Theatre|Theatre]],<ref name="Clujonline"/> the [[Iuliu Maniu Street, Cluj-Napoca|Iuliu Maniu symmetrical street]],<ref name="Lazarovici et al-5"/> and the New York Palace, among others.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 February 2008 |title=Cum va arăta viitorul "Conti" |url=http://www.ziuadecj.ro/action/article?ID=9446 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130113214106/http://www.ziuadecj.ro/action/article?ID=9446 |archive-date=13 January 2013 |access-date=2008-03-12 |publisher=Ziua de Cluj |language=ro}}</ref> In the 19th century many houses were built in the Neo-classical, Romantic and Eclectic styles. Also dating to that period are the [[Church with the Two Towers|two-towered Neo-classical Calvinist church]] (1829–50), its new college building of 1801, and the City Hall (1843–46) in the marketplace, by [[Antal Kagerbauer]].<ref name="Oxford University Press-2008"/>

The banks of the Someșul Mic also feature a wide variety of such old buildings. The end of the 19th century brought a building ensemble that fastens the corners of the oldest bridge over the river, at the north end of the [[Regele Ferdinand Avenue, Cluj-Napoca|Regele Ferdinand Avenue]]. The Berde, Babos, Elian, Urania, and [[Széki Palace, Cluj-Napoca|Széki]] palaces consist of a mixture of Baroque, Renaissance and Gothic styles, following the [[Art Nouveau]]/Secession and Revival specifics.<ref>Alicu et al. 1995, p.30</ref>
[[File:Canalul Morilor, Cluj-Napoca.JPG|thumb|right|The 17th century Canalul Morii]]
In the 2000s, the old city centre underwent extensive restoration works, meant to convert much of it into a pedestrian area, including [[Eroilor Avenue, Cluj-Napoca|Bulevardul Eroilor]], [[Unirii Square, Cluj-Napoca|Unirii Square]] and other smaller streets.<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 June 2007 |title=Schimbarea la față a centrului Clujului |url=http://www.romanialibera.ro/a98147/schimbarea-la-fata-a-centrului-clujului.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170228061239/http://www.romanialibera.ro/a98147/schimbarea-la-fata-a-centrului-clujului.html |archive-date=28 February 2017 |access-date=2008-03-12 |work=România Liberă |language=ro}}</ref> In some residential areas of the city, particularly the high-income southern areas, like ''Andrei Mureșanu'' or ''Strada Republicii'', there are many [[fin-de-siecle|turn-of-the-century]] villas.