Editing Composting toilet (section)

== Examples ==

=== Finland ===

Numerous sparsely settled villages in rural areas in Finland are not connected to municipal [[water supply]] or sewer networks, requiring homeowners to operate their own systems. Individual private wells, i.e. shallow dug wells or boreholes in the bedrock, are often used for water supply, and many homeowners have opted for composting toilets. In addition, these toilets are common at holiday homes, often located near sensitive water bodies. For these reasons, many manufacturers of composting toilets are based in Finland, including Biolan, Ekolet, Kekkilä, Pikkuvihreä and Raita Environment.<ref>Global Dry Toilet Association of Finland (2011) [http://www.huussi.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Suomalaisetkk2011_web_spreads.pdf Dry Toilet Manufacturers in Finland], Leaflet in English and Finnish</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.huussi.net/en/association/members-and-supporters/|title = Global Dry Toilet Association of Finland|access-date = 15 January 2015|website = Global Dry Toilet Association of Finland - Company and association members}}</ref>

Estimates made by leading Finnish composting toilet manufacturers and the Global Dry Toilet Association of Finland provided the following 2014 figures for composting toilet use in Finland:
* About 4% of single-family homes not connected to a public sewer network are equipped with a composting toilet.
* Some 200,000 manufactured composting toilets are thought to serve holiday homes, matched by the number of other dry toilets. The simplest ones are sited in an [[outhouse]].

=== Germany ===
[[File:Composting container "TerraNova", showing open removal chamber (6210814073).jpg|thumb|Composting container of "TerraNova" composting toilet, showing open removal chamber (town house at the ecological settlement Hamburg-Allermöhe, Germany)]]
Composting toilets have been successfully installed in houses with up to four floors.<ref name=":1" /> An estimate from 2008 put the number of composting toilets in households in Germany at 500.<ref name=":5">{{cite book|last1 = Lorenz-Ladener|first1 = Hrsg. Claudia|title = Kompost-Toiletten: Wege zur sinnvollen Fäkalienentsorgung|date = 2005|publisher = Ökobuch|location = Staufen im Breisgau|isbn = 978-3-936896-16-9|page = 183|edition = 1. überarb. u. erw. Aufl.|url = http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/1128|last2 = Berger|first2 = Wolfgang}}</ref> Most of these residences are also connected to a sewer system; the composting toilet was not installed due to a lack of sewer system but for other reasons, mainly because of an "ecological mindset" of the owners.

In Germany and Austria, composting toilets and other types of [[dry toilet]]s have been installed in single and multi-family houses (e.g. Hamburg, Freiburg, Berlin), ecological settlements (e.g. Hamburg-Allermöhe, Hamburg-Braamwisch, Kiel-Hassee, Bielefeld-Waldquelle, Wien-Gänserndorf) and in public buildings (e.g. Ökohaus Rostock, VHS-Ökostation Stuttgart-Wartberg, public toilets in recreational areas, restaurants and huts in the Alps, house boats and forest Kindergartens).<ref name=":5" />

The ecological settlement in Hamburg-Allermöhe has had composting toilets since 1982. The settlement of 36 single-family houses with approximately 140 inhabitants uses composting toilets, [[rainwater harvesting]] and [[constructed wetlands]]. Composting toilets save about 40 litres of water per capita per day compared to a conventional flush toilet (10 liter per flush), which adds up to 2,044 m<sup>3</sup> water savings per year for the whole settlement.<ref>Rauschning, G., Berger, W., Ebeling, B., Schöpe, A. (2009). [http://www.susana.org/en/resources/case-studies/details/56 Ecological settlement in Allermöhe Hamburg, Germany - Case study of sustainable sanitation projects]. Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA)
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=== United States ===
Slow composting toilets have been installed by the [[Green Mountain Club]] in [[Vermont]]'s woodlands. They employ multiple vaults (called cribs) and a movable building. When one of the vaults fills, the building is moved over an empty vault. The full vault is left untouched for as long as possible (up to three years) before it is emptied. The large surface area and exposure to air currents can cause the pile to dry out. To counteract this, signs instruct users to urinate in the toilet.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://greenmountainclub.org/pdf/GMC_LTN_F13_web.pdf|title=Long Trail News: Quarterly of the Green Mountain Club, Fall 2013. Article titled: "A Privy is a Privy is a Privy...or is it? To Pee or Not Pee."|last=Allen|first=Lee|date=2013|website=Green Mountain Club|access-date=31 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201001125/http://greenmountainclub.org/pdf/GMC_LTN_F13_web.pdf|archive-date=1 February 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> The club also uses [[pit latrine]]s and simple [[bucket toilet]]s with woodchips and external composting and directs users to urinate in the forest to prevent odiferous anaerobic conditions.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://greenmountainclub.org/pdf/GMC_LTN_F13_web.pdf|title=Long Trail News: Quarterly of the Green Mountain Club, Fall 2013. Article titled: "Batch-Bin/Beyond-the-Bin (BTB) Composting Privies"|last=Antos-Ketcham|first=Pete|date=2013|website=Green Mountain Club|access-date=31 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201001125/http://greenmountainclub.org/pdf/GMC_LTN_F13_web.pdf|archive-date=1 February 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Worldwide ===
Composting toilets with a large composting container (of the type [[Clivus Multrum]] and derivations of it) are popular in US, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Sweden and Finland. They can be bought and installed as commercial products, as designs for self builders or as "design derivatives" which are marketed under various names. It has been estimated that approximately 10,000 such toilets might be in use worldwide.{{citation needed|date=April 2015}}