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Creole language
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===Further reading=== * {{citation |last1=Arends |first1=Jacques |last2=Muysken |first2=Pieter |last3=Smith |first3=Norval |year=1995 |title=Pidgins and Creoles: An introduction |place=Amsterdam |publisher=Benjamins |isbn=90-272-5236-X |ref=none}} * {{citation |last=Arends |first=Jacques |year=1989 |title=Syntactic Developments in Sranan: Creolization as a gradual process |publisher=Katholieke Universiteit ti Nijmegen |place=Nijmegen |isbn=90-900268-3-5 |ref=none}} * {{citation |last=Bickerton |first= Derek |author-link=Derek Bickerton |title=Bastard Tongues: A Trailblazing Linguist Finds Clues to Our Common Humanity in the World's Lowliest Languages |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7yRB7V1oE4sC |publisher=Macmillan |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-8090-2816-0 |ref=none}} * {{citation |last=DeGraff |first=Michel |year=2001 |title=On the origin of creoles: A Cartesian critique of Neo-Darwinian linguistics |url=http://web.mit.edu/linguistics/people/faculty/degraff/darwin/anti-simplest.html |journal=Linguistic Typology |volume=5 |issue=2–3 |pages=213–310 |ref=none}} * {{citation |last=DeGraff |first=Michel |year=2002 |title=Relexification: A reevaluation |url=http://web.mit.edu/linguistics/people/faculty/degraff/degraff-anthling-44-04.pdf |journal=Linguistic Anthropology |volume=44 |issue=4 |pages=321–414 |jstor=30028860 |ref=none}} * {{citation |last=DeGraff |first=Michel |year=2003 |title=Against Creole Exceptionalism |journal=Language |volume=79 |issue=2 |pages=391–410 |doi=10.1353/lan.2003.0114 |s2cid=47857823 |ref=none}} * {{citation |last=Eckkrammer |first=Eva |editor=Hoogbergen, Wim |year=1994 |chapter=How to Pave the Way for the Emancipation of a Creole Language. Papiamentu, or What Can a Literature Do for its Language |title=Born Out of Resistance. On Caribbean Cultural Creativity |place=Utrecht |publisher=Isor-Publications |ref=none}} * {{citation |last=Fertel |first=Rien |year=2014 |title=Imagining the Creole City: The Rise of Literary Culture in Nineteenth-Century New Orleans |location=Baton Rouge, LA |publisher=Louisiana State University Press |ref=none}} * {{citation |last=Gil |first=David |year=2001 |title=Creoles, Complexity and Riau Indonesian |journal=Linguistic Typology |volume=5 |pages=325–371 |ref=none}} * {{citation |last=Good |first=Jeff |s2cid=18601673 |year=2004 |title=Tone and accent in Saramaccan: Charting a deep split in the phonology of a language |journal=Lingua |volume=114 |issue=5 |pages=575–619 |doi=10.1016/S0024-3841(03)00062-7 |ref=none}} * {{citation |last=Holm |first=John |year=1989 |title=Pidgins and Creoles |volume=2 |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |ref=none}} * {{citation |last=Hunter Smith |first=Norval Selby |year=1987 |title=The Genesis of the Creole Languages of Surinam |publisher=Universiteit van Amsterdam |place=Amsterdam |ref=none}} * {{citation |last=Lang |first=Jürgen |title=Les langues des autres dans la créolisation : théorie et exemplification par le créole d'empreinte wolof à l'île Santiago du Cap Vert |place=Tübingen |publisher=Narr |year=2009 |ref=none}} * {{citation |last=McWhorter |first=John H. |author-link=John McWhorter |year=1998 |title=Identifying the creole prototype: Vindicating a typological class |journal=Language |volume=74 |pages=788–818 |doi=10.2307/417003 |jstor=417003 |issue=4 |ref=none}} * {{citation |last=McWhorter |first=John H. |year=2005 |title=Defining Creole |place=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |ref=none}} * {{citation |last=Meisel |first=Jürgen |author-link=Jürgen M. Meisel |year=1977 |title=Langues en Contact – Pidgins – Creoles |place=Tübingen |publisher=Narr |ref=none}} * {{citation |last=Mufwene |first=Salikoko |editor-last=Neumann-Holzschuh |editor-first=Ingrid |editor2-last=Schneider |editor2-first=Edgar |year=2000 |chapter=Creolization is a social, not a structural, process |title=Degrees of Restructuring in Creole Languages |place=Amsterdam |publisher=John Benjamins |pages=65–84 |ref=none}} * {{citation |last1=Muysken |first1=Pieter |last2=Law |first2=Paul |year=2001 |title=Creole studies: A theoretical linguist's field guide |journal=Glot International |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=47–57 |ref=none}} * {{citation |last=Parkvall |first=Mikael |year=2000 |title=Out of Africa: African influences in Atlantic Creoles |place=London |publisher=Battlebridge |ref=none}} * {{citation |last=Singler |first=John Victor |year=1988 |title=The homogeneity of the substrate as a factor in pidgin/creole genesis |journal=Language |volume=64 |pages=27–51 |doi=10.2307/414784 |jstor=414784 |issue=1 |ref=none}} * {{citation |last=Singler |first=John Victor |year=1996 |title=Theories of creole genesis, sociohistorical considerations, and the evaluation of evidence: The case of Haitian Creole and the Relexification Hypothesis |journal=Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=185–230 |doi=10.1075/jpcl.11.2.02sin |ref=none}} * {{citation |last=Wittmann |first=Henri |author-link=Henri Wittmann |year=1983 |title=Les réactions en chaîne en morphologie diachronique |url=http://www.nou-la.org/ling/1983c-morphodia.pdf |journal=Actes du Colloque de la Société Internationale de Linguistique Fonctionnelle |volume=10 |pages=285–92 |ref=none}} * {{citation |last=Wittmann |first=Henri |year=1998 |title=Le français de Paris dans le français des Amériques |url=http://www.nou-la.org/ling/1998a-fpparis.pdf |journal=Proceedings of the International Congress of Linguists |volume=16 |place=Amsterdam |publisher=Elsevier |ref=none}} * Wittmann, Henri (1999). [http://www.nou-la.org/ling/1999a-prototype.html "Prototype as a typological yardstick to creoleness."] ''The Creolist Archives Papers On-Line'', Stockholms Universitet. * Wittmann, Henri (2001). [http://www.nou-la.org/ling/2001c-lexical_diffusion/01h2LexDiffFin.html "Lexical diffusion and the glottogenetics of creole French."] CreoList debate, parts I-VI, appendixes 1–9. ''The Linguist List'', Eastern Michigan University|Wayne State University
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