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Isan language
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===Nouns=== Nouns in Isan are not marked for plurality, gender or case and do not require an indefinite or definite article. Some words, mainly inherited from Sanskrit or Pali, have separate forms for male or female, such as ''thewa'' ({{langx|tts|เทวา}} {{IPA|/tʰêː.wâː/}}, cf. {{langx|lo|ເທວາ}} BGN/PCGN ''théva''), 'god' or 'angel' (masculine) and ''thewi'' ({{langx|tts|เทวี}} {{IPA|/tʰêː.wîː/}}, cf. {{langx|lo|ເທວີ}} BGN/PCGN ''thévi''), 'goddess' or 'angel' (feminine) which derives from masculine ''deva'' ({{langx|sa|देव}} {{IPA|/deʋa/}} and feminine ''devī'' ({{langx|sa|देवी}} {{IPA|/deʋiː/}}). This is also common in names of Sanskrit origin, such as masculine ''Arun'' ({{langx|tts|อรุณ}} {{IPA|/ʔǎ.lûn/}}, cf. {{langx|lo|ອະລຸນ/ອະຣຸນ}} BGN/PCGN ''Aloun''/''Aroun'') and feminine ''Aruni'' ({{langx|tts|อรุณี}} {{IPA|/ʔǎ.lùʔ.nîː/}}, cf. {{langx|lo|ອະລຸນີ/ອະຣຸນີ}} BGN/PCGN ''Arouni''/''Alounee'') which derives from ''Arun'' {{langx|sa|अरुण}} {{IPA|/aruɳ/}}) and ''Arunī'' {{langx|sa|आरुणि}} {{IPA|/aruɳiː/}}, respectively. In native Tai words which usually do not distinguish gender, animals will take the suffixes ''phu'' ({{langx|tts|ผู้}} {{IPA|/pʰùː/}}, cf. {{langx|lo|ຜູ້}} BGN/PCGN ''phou'') or ''mae'' ({{langx|tts|แม่}} {{IPA|/mɛ̄ː/}}, cf. {{langx|lo|ແມ່}} BGN/PCGN ''mè''). For example, a cat in general is ''maeo'' ({{langx|tts|แมว}} {{IPA|/mɛ̂ːw/}}, cf. {{langx|lo|ແມວ}} BGN/PCGN ''mèo''), but a tomcat is ''maeo phu'' ({{langx|tts|แมวผู้}}) and a queen (female cat) is ''maeo mae'' ({{langx|tts|แมวแม่}}), respectively.
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