Editing July Monarchy (section)

=== Second Soult government (May 1839 – February 1840) ===
[[File:Barbès, Armand.jpg|thumb|{{lang|fr|[[Armand Barbès]]|italic=no}}, one of the leaders of the Republican insurrection of 12 May 1839]]
After {{lang|fr|Molé|italic=no}}'s fall, {{lang|fr|Louis-Philippe|italic=no}} immediately called upon Marshal {{lang|fr|Soult|italic=no}}, who attempted, without success, to form a government including the three leaders of the coalition who had brought down {{lang|fr|Molé|italic=no}}: {{lang|fr|Guizot|italic=no}}, {{lang|fr|Thiers|italic=no}} and {{lang|fr|Odilon Barrot|italic=no}}. Confronted with the {{lang|fr|Doctrinaires}}' refusal, he then tried to form a center-left cabinet, which also foundered upon {{lang|fr|Thiers|italic=no}}'s intransigence concerning Spanish affairs. These successive setbacks forced the king to postpone to 4 April 1839 the opening of the parliamentary session. Thiers also refused to be associated with the {{lang|fr|duc de Broglie|italic=no}} and {{lang|fr|Guizot|italic=no}}. The king then attempted to keep him at bay by offering him an embassy, which provoked the outcries of {{lang|fr|Thiers|italic=no}}'s friends. Finally, {{lang|fr|Louis-Philippe|italic=no}} resigned himself to composing, on 31 March 1839, a transitional and neutral government.

The parliamentary session opened on 4 April in a quasi-insurrectionary atmosphere. A large mob had gathered around the {{lang|fr|[[Palais-Bourbon]]|italic=no}}, seat of the Assembly, singing {{lang|fr|[[La Marseillaise]]}} and rioting. The left-wing press accused the government of provocations. Thiers supported {{lang|fr|Odilon Barrot|italic=no}} as President of the Chamber, but his attitude during the negotiations for the formation of a new cabinet had disappointed some of his friends. A part of the center-left thus decided to present {{lang|fr|[[Hippolyte Passy]]|italic=no}} against {{lang|fr|Barrot|italic=no}}. The latter won with 227 votes against 193, supported by the ministerial deputies and the {{lang|fr|Doctrinaires}}. This vote demonstrated that the coalition had imploded, and that a right-wing majority could be formed to oppose any left-wing initiative.

Despite this, the negotiations for the formation of a new cabinet still were unsuccessful, with Thiers making his friends promise to request his authorization before accepting any governmental function. The situation seemed at an impasse, when on 12 May 1839, the {{lang|fr|[[Société des saisons]]}}, a secret Republican society, headed by {{lang|fr|[[Martin Bernard (politician)|Martin Bernard]]|italic=no}}, {{lang|fr|[[Armand Barbès]]|italic=no}} and {{lang|fr|[[Auguste Blanqui]]|italic=no}}, organized an insurrection in the {{lang|fr|[[rue Saint-Denis (Paris)|Rue Saint-Denis]]|italic=no}} and the {{lang|fr|[[Rue Saint-Martin]]|italic=no}} in Paris. The [[League of the Just]], founded in 1836, participated in this uprising.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://socialistregister.com/socialistregister.com/files/SR_1998_Moss.pdf |title=Marx and the Permanent Revolution in France: Background to the ''Communist Manifesto'' |author=Bernard Moss |page=10 |work=[[The Socialist Register]] |date=1998 |archive-date=2007-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070710180952/http://socialistregister.com/socialistregister.com/files/SR_1998_Moss.pdf }}</ref> However, not only was it a failure, and the conspirators arrested, but this allowed {{lang|fr|Louis-Philippe|italic=no}} to form a new government on the same day, presided over by Marshal {{lang|fr|Soult|italic=no}} who had assured him of his loyal support.

At the end of May, the vote on the secret funds gave a large majority to the new government, which also had the budget passed without any problems. The parliamentary recess was decreed on 6 August 1838, and the new session opened on 23 December, during which the Chamber voted a rather favorable address to the government by 212 votes to 43. {{lang|fr|Soult|italic=no}}'s cabinet, however, fell on 20 February 1839, 226 deputies having voted against proposed dowry of the Duke of Nemours (only 200 votes for), who was to marry [[Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha|{{lang|fr|Victoire|italic=no|nocat=y}} de {{lang|de|Saxe-Cobourg-Kohary|italic=no|nocat=y}}]].