Editing Open access (section)

==== Citation rate ====
{{See also|FUTON bias}}
[[File:Open access addendum for authors to publishers.pdf|thumb|right|Authors may use form language like this to request an open access license when submitting their work to a publisher.]]
[[File:How Open Access Empowered a 16-Year-Old to Make Cancer Breakthrough.ogv|thumb|A 2013 interview on [[paywall]]s and open access with [[National Institutes of Health|NIH]] Director [[Francis Collins]] and inventor [[Jack Andraka]]]]

A main reason authors make their articles openly accessible is to maximize their [[citation impact]].<ref>Swan, Alma (2006) [http://www.woodheadpublishing.com/en/book.aspx?bookID=1719&ChandosTitle=1 The culture of Open Access: researchers' views and responses] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120522085011/http://www.woodheadpublishing.com/en/book.aspx?bookID=1719&ChandosTitle=1 |date=22 May 2012}}. In: Neil Jacobs (Ed.) ''Open access: key strategic, technical and economic aspects'', Chandos.</ref> Open access articles are typically [[Citation|cited]] more often than equivalent articles requiring subscriptions.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Piwowar |first1=Heather |last2=Priem |first2=Jason |last3=Larivière |first3=Vincent |last4=Alperin |first4=Juan Pablo |last5=Matthias |first5=Lisa |last6=Norlander |first6=Bree |last7=Farley |first7=Ashley |last8=West |first8=Jevin |last9=Haustein |first9=Stefanie |date=13 February 2018 |title=The state of OA: a large-scale analysis of the prevalence and impact of Open Access articles |journal=PeerJ |language=en |volume=6 |pages=e4375 |doi=10.7717/peerj.4375 |issn=2167-8359 |pmc=5815332 |pmid=29456894 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Swan |first=Alma |date=2010 |others=Alma Swan |title=The Open Access citation advantage: Studies and results to date |url=https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/268516/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200103050318/https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/268516/ |archive-date=3 January 2020 |access-date=3 January 2020 |website=eprints.soton.ac.uk |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite journal |last1=Tennant |first1=Jonathan P. |last2=Waldner |first2=François |last3=Jacques |first3=Damien C. |last4=Masuzzo |first4=Paola |last5=Collister |first5=Lauren B. |last6=Hartgerink |first6=Chris. H. J. |date=21 September 2016 |title=The academic, economic and societal impacts of Open Access: an evidence-based review |journal=F1000Research |volume=5 |pages=632 |doi=10.12688/f1000research.8460.3 |issn=2046-1402 |pmc=4837983 |pmid=27158456 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name=":11">{{Cite journal|date=2021-06-01|title=The open access advantage for studies of human electrophysiology: Impact on citations and Altmetrics|journal=International Journal of Psychophysiology|language=en|volume=164|pages=103–111|doi=10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.03.006|issn=0167-8760|last1=Clayson|first1=Peter E.|last2=Baldwin|first2=Scott A.|last3=Larson|first3=Michael J.|pmid=33774077|s2cid=232409668|doi-access=free}}</ref> This 'citation advantage' was first reported in 2001.<ref>[http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/online-nature01/ Online or Invisible? Steve Lawrence; NEC Research Institute] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070316145522/http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/online-nature01/|date=16 March 2007}}. Citeseer.ist.psu.edu. Retrieved on 3 December 2011.</ref> Although two major studies dispute this claim,<ref name="Davis 2008">{{Cite journal |last1=Davis |first1=P. M |last2=Lewenstein |first2=B. V |last3=Simon |first3=D. H |last4=Booth |first4=J. G |last5=Connolly |first5=M. J L |year=2008 |title=Open access publishing, article downloads, and citations: randomised controlled trial |journal=BMJ |volume=337 |issue=jul31 1 |pages=a568 |doi=10.1136/bmj.a568 |pmc=2492576 |pmid=18669565}}</ref><ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Davis |first=P. M. |year=2011 |title=Open access, readership, citations: a randomized controlled trial of scientific journal publishing |journal=[[The FASEB Journal]] |volume=25 |issue=7 |pages=2129–34 |doi=10.1096/fj.11-183988 |doi-access=free |pmid=21450907 |s2cid=205367842}}</ref> the consensus of multiple studies support the effect,<ref name="mckiernan" /><ref name="autogenerated3">[http://opcit.eprints.org/oacitation-biblio.html Effect of OA on citation impact: a bibliography of studies] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171102234006/http://opcit.eprints.org/oacitation-biblio.html|date=2 November 2017}}. Opcit.eprints.org. Retrieved on 3 December 2011.</ref> with measured OA citation advantage varying in magnitude between 1.3-fold to 6-fold depending on discipline.<ref name=":7" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Swan |first=Alma |date=2010 |others=Alma Swan |title=The Open Access citation advantage: Studies and results to date |url=https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/268516/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200103050318/https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/268516/ |archive-date=3 January 2020 |website=eprints.soton.ac.uk |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Clayson 103–111">{{Cite journal |last1=Clayson |first1=Peter E. |last2=Baldwin |first2=Scott A. |last3=Larson |first3=Michael J. |date=2021-06-01 |title=The open access advantage for studies of human electrophysiology: Impact on citations and Altmetrics |journal=International Journal of Psychophysiology |language=en |volume=164 |pages=103–111 |doi=10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.03.006 |pmid=33774077 |s2cid=232409668 |issn=0167-8760|doi-access=free }}</ref>

Citation advantage is most pronounced in OA articles in hybrid journals (compared to the non-OA articles in those same journals),<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Eysenbach |first=Gunther |date=16 May 2006 |editor-last=Tenopir |editor-first=Carol |title=Citation Advantage of Open Access Articles |journal=PLOS Biology |language=en |volume=4 |issue=5 |pages=e157 |doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.0040157 |issn=1545-7885 |pmc=1459247 |pmid=16683865 |doi-access=free }}</ref> and with articles deposited in green OA repositories.<ref name="doi10.1371/journal.pone.0011273" /> Notably, green OA articles show similar benefits to citation counts as gold OA articles.<ref name="Clayson 103–111"/><ref name=":11" /> Articles in gold OA journals are typically cited at a similar frequency to paywalled articles.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Björk |first1=Bo-Christer |last2=Solomon |first2=David |date=17 July 2012 |title=Open access versus subscription journals: a comparison of scientific impact |journal=BMC Medicine |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=73 |doi=10.1186/1741-7015-10-73 |issn=1741-7015 |pmc=3398850 |pmid=22805105 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Citation advantage increases the longer an article has been published.<ref name=":10" />