Editing Subjunctive mood (section)

===Hebrew===
Final short vowels were elided in [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] in prehistoric times, so that the distinction between the Proto-Semitic indicative, subjunctive and jussive (similar to Classical Arabic forms) had largely been lost even in Biblical Hebrew. The distinction does remain for some verbal categories, where the original final morphemes effected lasting secondary changes in word-internal syllabic structure and vowel length. These include weak roots with a medial or final vowel, such as {{Transliteration|hbo|yaqūm}} {{gloss|he rises / will rise}} versus {{Transliteration|hbo|yaqom}} "may he rise" and {{Transliteration|hbo|yihye}} {{gloss|he will be}} versus {{Transliteration|hbo|yehi}} {{gloss|may he be}}, imperfect forms of the ''hiphil'' stem, and also generally for first person imperfect forms: {{lang|hbo|אֵשֵׁב}} (imperfect indicative of 'sit') vs. {{lang|hbo|אֵשְׁבָה}} (imperfect cohortative=volitive of 'sit'). In modern Hebrew, the situation has been carried even further, with forms like {{Transliteration|he|yaqom}} and {{Transliteration|he|yehi}} becoming non-productive; instead, the future tense (prefix conjugation) is used for the subjunctive, often with the particle {{Transliteration|he|she-}} added to introduce the clause, if it is not already present (similar to French {{lang|fr|que}}).
* {{lang|he|ש'''יבוא'''}} {{Transliteration|he|She'''yavo'''}} – {{gloss|Let him '''come'''}} or {{gloss|May he '''come'''}} (literally, {{gloss|That (he) '''will come'''}})
* {{lang|he|אני רוצה ש'''יבוא'''}} {{Transliteration|he|Ani rotzeh she'''yavo'''}} – {{gloss|I want him '''to come'''}} (literally, {{gloss|I want that (he)''' will come'''}})

Biblical subjunctive forms survive in non-productive phrases in such forms as the third-person singular of {{gloss|to be}} ({{lang|hbo|להיות}} {{Transliteration|hbo|lihyot}}, {{lang|hbo|יהי/תהי}} or {{lang|hbo|יהא/תהא}}) and {{gloss|to live}} ({{lang|hbo|לחיות}} {{Transliteration|he|likhyot}}, {{lang|he|יחי/תחי}}), mostly in a literary [[Register (sociolinguistics)|register]]:
* {{lang|he|'''יחי''' המלך}} {{Transliteration|he|'''Y'khi''' ha-melekh}} – {{gloss|Long '''live''' the king}} (literally, {{gloss|'''Live''' the-king}})
* {{lang|he|לו '''יהי'''}} {{Transliteration|he|Lu ''Y'hi''}} – {{gloss|Let it be}} (literally, {{gloss|if it '''be'''}}) (a popular song in Hebrew, by [[Naomi Shemer]])