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Surrealist techniques
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==References== {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="Donna_2019">{{cite book |author-last1=Di Donna |author-first1=Emmanuel |author-last2=Sebline |author-first2=Edouard |title=ENIGMA & DESIRE: MAN RAY PAINTINGS| publisher=Di Donna Gallery |date=2019 |pages=70–75 |isbn=978-1-7337640-1-8}}</ref> <ref name="Shingler_2011">{{ cite journal |author-first= Katherine |author-last=Shingler |title= Perceiving Text and Image in Apollinaire's Calligrammes |journal= Paragraph |volume=34 | issue= 1|pages=66–85| publisher=[[Edinburgh University Press]] |date=2011 | jstor= 43263771}}</ref> <ref name="Craft_2012">{{ cite journal |author-first= Catherine |author-last= Craft |title= Cut, Tear, Scrape, Erase.|journal= Master Drawings |volume=50 | issue= 2|pages=161–186| publisher=Master Drawings Association|date=2012 | jstor=41703376 }}</ref> <ref name="Finkenthal_2015">{{ cite journal |author-first= Michael |author-last=Finkenthal |title= Trost’s Journey from Reality as a Dream to the Dream as Reality |journal= Dada/Surrealism |volume=20 | issue=14|pages=1–21| publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University]] |date=2015 | doi=10.17077/0084-9537.1303|doi-access=free }}</ref> <ref name="Hadler_1995">{{cite book |author-first=Mona |author-last=Hadler |chapter=Jazz and the New York School |title=Representing jazz |editor-first=Krin |editor-last=Gabbard |publisher=[[Duke University Press]] |date=1995 |page=251 |isbn=0822315947 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yT56t7hriTEC&pg=PA255 |access-date=2019-07-08 }} [https://www.gc.cuny.edu/CUNY_GC/media/CUNY-Graduate-Center/PDF/Art%20History/Art%20History%20Admin/Handbooks/hadler-jazz-and-the-New-York-School.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109034151/https://www.gc.cuny.edu/CUNY_GC/media/CUNY-Graduate-Center/PDF/Art%20History/Art%20History%20Admin/Handbooks/hadler-jazz-and-the-New-York-School.pdf |date=2022-01-09 }}</ref> <ref name="Hadler_2011">{{cite encyclopaedia |author-first1=Mona |author-last1=Hadler |article=Ernst, Jimmy |encyclopaedia=The Grove Encyclopedia of American Art |volume=1 |editor-first=Joan M. |editor-last=Marter |editor-link=Joan M. Marter |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |date=2011 |isbn=978-0-19533579-8 |page=166}}</ref> <ref name="Hadler_2018">{{cite magazine |author-first=Mona |author-last=Hadler |title=William T. Williams |series=The Oral History Project |magazine=[[Bomb (magazine)|BOMB]] |date=2018-02-19 |page=60 |url=http://images.michaelrosenfeldart.com/www_michaelrosenfeldart_com/BOMB_Magazine_WTW_An_Oral_History_February_19_2018.pdf |access-date=2019-07-08 |quote=MH Did he talk to you about what he called ''sifflage''? Well his [[Max Ernst|father]] used ''[[frottage (art)|frottage]]'', or rubbing. Soufflage was blowing. [[Jimmy Ernst|Jimmy]] would blow on the paint, and he said it was like jazz musicians blowing the blues. [[William T. Williams|WTW]] Oh yes. I know these pictures (laughter)}}</ref> <ref name="Nancy">{{cite web |url=http://www.ac-nancy-metz.fr/petitspoetes/HTML/SALLESDEJEUX/MEDIASSALLE/apol.gif |title=Examples of calligrammes|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721211408/http://www.ac-nancy-metz.fr/petitspoetes/HTML/SALLESDEJEUX/MEDIASSALLE/apol.gif|archive-date=21 July 2011|language=fr|website=Académie Nancy-Metz}}</ref> <ref name="Typedrawing">{{cite web |url=http://www.storyabout.net/typedrawing/ |title=Modern examples and make your own |website=Story About|access-date=28 December 2023}}</ref> <ref name="Brotchie">{{cite book |title=A Book of Surrealist Games |author-first=Alistair |author-last=Brotchie |page=30}}</ref> <ref name="Henry_2004">{{cite book |author-last1=Matthew |author-first1=Henry Colin Gray |author-last2=Harrison |author-first2=Brian Howard |title=Oxford dictionary of national biography: in association with the British Academy: from the earliest times to the year 2000 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613865 |url-access=registration |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |date=2004 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_0198613865/page/786 786]- |isbn=978-0-19-861362-6}}</ref> <ref name="Automatic">{{cite web |title=Automatic Techniques |url=http://www.ithellcolquhoun.co.uk/5263/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081023120110/http://www.ithellcolquhoun.co.uk/5263/|archive-date=23 October 2008|website=Ithell Colquhoun: Magician Born of Nature|last=Shillitoe|first=Richard|year=2008|orig-date=Originally published in 2006}}</ref> <ref name="Carr">{{cite thesis |first=Suzanne |last=Carr |title=Exquisitely Simple or Incredibly Complex: The Theory of Entoptic Phenomena|via=Entoptic Phenomena|chapter=Chapter Five: Narcotically Oriented Societies|institution=University of Newcastle upon Tyne|year=1995|degree=MA|chapter-url=http://www.oubliette.org.uk/Five.html|access-date=28 December 2023}}</ref> <ref name="Indecipherable">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jnqtYZvih3QC&pg=PA157 |title=(Google Books)|isbn=9783412164065|last1=Prügel|first1=Roland|year=2008}}</ref> <ref name="Conroy">{{cite web |first=Matthew |last=Conroy |title=Comment on "The Olmec Bride with the Saturated Eyebrows Bemoans the Inconvenience of Love" |url=http://www.ibiblio.org/otis/discussion/static/sito.id.dcb/20050307-11656.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071022025013/http://www.ibiblio.org/otis/discussion/static/sito.id.dcb/20050307-11656.html|archive-date=22 October 2007|date=7 March 2005|website=SITO}}</ref> <ref name="Graphomania">{{cite web |title=entopic graphomania |url=http://dmacwilliam.wordpress.com/2007/11/12/entopic-graphomania/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090108102622/http://dmacwilliam.wordpress.com/2007/11/12/entopic-graphomania/|archive-date=8 January 2009|website=Marking Place: Walking with locative media|date=12 November 2007|author=dmacwilliam}}</ref> <ref name="Miro">{{cite web |url=https://www.diba.cat/c/document_library/get_file?uuid=e1e1ab74-006d-4000-b415-a55e9186b8a1&groupId=336453|language=es|title=Joan Miró |publisher=Galeria d'Antiretrats}}</ref> <ref name="Taylor_2012">{{cite web |title=Examples of surrealist techniques used by other artists |url=https://flisstaylor.wordpress.com/2012/02/21/examples-of-surrealist-techniques-used-by-other-artists/|website=Fliss Taylor: BA Art & Design|date=21 February 2012|access-date=28 December 2023}}</ref> <ref name="FH">{{cite web |title=Composition with Clock, Collage by Kaja Kärner|website=Forgotten Heritage|url=https://www.forgottenheritage.eu/artworks/434/composition-with-clock|access-date=28 December 2023}}</ref> <ref name="Involuntary">{{cite web |title=Involuntary Sculpture |url=http://www.surrealismcentre.ac.uk/documents/Involuntary%20Sculpture.doc |date=14 November 2003|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060929124944/http://www.surrealismcentre.ac.uk/documents/Involuntary%20Sculpture.doc |archive-date=29 September 2006|website=The AHRB Centre for Studies of Surrealism and its Legacies|author=((Henry Moore Institute, Leeds))}}</ref> }}
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