Editing Washington Heights, Manhattan (section)

==Landmarks and attractions==
[[File:HispanicSocietyCourtyardDetail.jpg|thumb|One of [[Audubon Terrace]]'s courtyard details, with the [[Hispanic Society of America]] in the background]]
[[File:2014 Morris-Jumel Mansion from south.jpg|thumb|The [[Morris-Jumel Mansion]]]]
[[File:Malcolm X bullet holes2.jpg|thumb|The site of [[Malcolm X]]'s 1965 assassination in the [[Audubon Ballroom]]]]
The current NewYork–Presbyterian/Columbia University Medical Center occupies the former site of [[Hilltop Park]], the home of the New York Highlanders – later the [[New York Yankees]] – from 1903 to 1912.<ref name=":0">Boland Jr., Ed. [https://www.nytimes.com/2002/12/08/nyregion/fyi-259071.html "F.Y.I."], ''[[The New York Times]]'', December 8, 2002. Retrieved November 16, 2017. "On April 30, 1903, Hilltop Park opened in what is now Washington Heights on a hill overlooking the Hudson River. It stretched from 165th Street to 168th Street between Broadway and Fort Washington Avenue.... Hilltop Park was demolished in 1914, and Columbia Presbyterian was built on the site in the 1920s."</ref> Across the street is the [[Fort Washington Avenue Armory]]'s New Balance Track and Field Center, an indoor track home to the [[National Track & Field Hall of Fame]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.armory.nyc/what-we-do/|title=What We Do|publisher=[[The Armory Foundation]]|access-date=September 2, 2020}}</ref>

[[Audubon Terrace]], a cluster of eight distinguished [[Beaux-Arts architecture|Beaux Arts]] and [[Renaissance Revival]] buildings constructed between 1904 and 1930, is located on Broadway between 155th and 156th Streets.<ref name=audubonterracehd>{{cite book|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/1001.pdf|title=Audubon Terrace Historic District Designation Report|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|year=1979|access-date=February 23, 2021}}</ref> Named for [[John James Audubon]] due to his land holdings in the [[Audubon Park Historic District, New York City|Audubon Park Historic District]], the complex was envisioned as a cultural center by its founder [[Archer Milton Huntington]] and almost entirely designed by his cousin [[Charles Pratt Huntington]].<ref name=audubonterracehd/> A [[National Historic Landmark]],<ref name=NRHPny/> the Audubon Terrace is home to the [[Hispanic Society of America]], the [[American Academy of Arts and Letters]], the [[Our Lady of Esperanza Church]], and [[Boricua College]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hispanicsociety.org/about-us/history/audubon-terrace/|title=Audubon Terrace|date=December 4, 2015 |publisher=[[Hispanic Society of America]]|access-date=February 23, 2021}}</ref> Despite their unique decor and expansive collections, its museums have long struggled with attracting visitors due to their non-central location;<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/05/17/realestate/streetscapes-audubon-terrace-attrition-taking-its-toll-at-a-cultural-complex.html|first=Christopher|last=Gray|date=May 17, 1987|title=Streetscapes: Audubon Terrace; Attrition Taking Its Toll At a Cultural Complex|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=February 23, 2021}}</ref> the [[American Geographical Society]],<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/30034294|access-date=February 23, 2021|journal=[[Geographical Review]]|date=October 2004|volume=94|issue=4|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|title=Audubon Terrace, the American Geographical Society, and the Sense of Place|first=Harvey K.|last=Flad|pages=519–529|doi=10.1111/j.1931-0846.2004.tb00186.x|jstor=30034294|s2cid=159698938|url-access=subscription}}</ref>{{Rp|527}} the [[George Gustav Heye Center|Heye Collection]] of the [[National Museum of the American Indian]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://americanindian.si.edu/explore/collections/history|website=[[National Museum of the American Indian]]|access-date=February 23, 2021|publisher=[[Smithsonian]]|title=History of the Collections}}</ref> and the [[American Numismatic Society]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://numismatics.org/about/history/|publisher=[[American Numismatic Society]]|access-date=February 23, 2021|title=History of the American Numismatic Society|archive-date=October 28, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181028165641/http://numismatics.org/about/history/|url-status=dead}}</ref> all previously occupied Audubon Terrace but have since moved their collections elsewhere.

Overlooking [[Coogan's Bluff]] between 160th and 162nd Streets in the [[Jumel Terrace Historic District]], the [[Morris–Jumel Mansion]] has the distinction of being Manhattan's oldest surviving house.<ref name="Renner"/>{{Rp|11}} Headquartered by [[George Washington]] in 1776 before being taken by the British and [[Hessian (soldier)|Hessian]]s,<ref name="morrisjumelwebsite"/> the mansion was built in 1765 by British colonel [[Roger Morris (British Army officer)|Roger Morris]] and in 1810 became property of [[Eliza Jumel]].<ref name="jumelterracehd"/> Jumel became one of the wealthiest women in the city after the death of her husband Stephen in 1832, and she later was the wife of [[Aaron Burr]] until his death in 1836.<ref name="greateststreet"/>{{Rp|318}}

Designated a landmark by the [[National Register of Historic Places]],<ref name="nrhpinv2">{{cite web|last=Greenwood|first=Richard|date=August 11, 1975|title=National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Morris-Jumel Mansion|url={{NHLS url|id=66000545}}|publisher=National Park Service|access-date=February 22, 2021}}</ref> the house is owned and maintained as a museum by the [[New York City Department of Parks and Recreation|Department of Parks and Recreation]].<ref name="morrisjumelwebsite"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/roger-morris-park/history|title=Roger Morris Park Highlights|access-date=February 22, 2021|publisher=[[New York City Department of Parks and Recreation]]}}</ref> At the time of its purchase by the Jumels in 1810, there were rumors that the mansion was haunted by a Hessian ghost.<ref name=nytmjm>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/10/31/nyregion/about-new-york-belief-in-ghost-haunts-a-historic-mansion.html|title=About New York; Belief in Ghost Haunts a Historic Mansion|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=October 31, 1981|access-date=August 9, 2021}}</ref> After Eliza Jumel's death she became the main focus of paranormal suspicions, partly due to rumors that she caused her first husband Stephen to die by falling from a carriage onto a pitchfork.<ref name=nytmjm/><ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Lapham's Quarterly]]|date=July 30, 2018|first=Sarah|last=Laskow|title=The Haunting of a Heights House|access-date=August 9, 2021|url=https://www.laphamsquarterly.org/roundtable/haunting-heights-house}}</ref> In the modern day, it has been investigated as a haunted house on the [[Today (American TV program)|Today Show]], [[Haunted USA]], and [[Ghost Adventures]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.morrisjumel.org/paranormal|title=Paranormal Investigations|access-date=March 29, 2021|website=www.morrisjumel.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.today.com/video/is-new-york-city-s-oldest-mansion-haunted-1356812355606?v=raila&|title=Is New York City's oldest mansion haunted?|website=[[Today (American TV program)|Today Show]]|date=October 30, 2018|access-date=August 9, 2021}}</ref> ''[[Hamilton (musical)|Hamilton]]'' playwright [[Lin-Manuel Miranda]] sat in Aaron Burr's room to write of many of the hit musical's songs.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/02/09/hamiltons|magazine=[[The New Yorker]]|access-date=March 29, 2021|date=February 2, 2015|first=Rebecca|last=Mead|title=All About the Hamiltons}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.morrisjumel.org/welcome|title=Welcome|access-date=March 29, 2021|website=www.morrisjumel.org|archive-date=June 23, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210623195248/https://www.morrisjumel.org/welcome|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The [[555 Edgecombe Avenue|Paul Robeson Home]], located on the corner of Edgecombe Avenue and 160th Street, is a National Historic Landmark building.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/places/new-york-paul-robeson-home.htm|access-date=February 28, 2021|publisher=National Park Service|title=New York: Paul Robeson Home}}</ref> Part of Washington Heights' historically black southeastern area,<ref name=1950manhattanblockstats/>{{Rp|38}} the building is known for its famous African-American residents, including actor [[Paul Robeson]], musician [[Count Basie]], and boxer [[Joe Louis]].<ref name=555edgecombe/>{{Rp|6}}

The [[Audubon Ballroom]] was originally a [[vaudeville]] and movie theater, built by [[William Fox (producer)|William Fox]] of the [[Fox Film Corporation]] on the corner of Broadway and 165th Street.<ref name=gothamcenter>{{cite web|url=https://www.gothamcenter.org/blog/biotechnology-race-and-memory-in-washington-heights|title=Biotechnology, Race, And Memory In Washington Heights|access-date=February 28, 2021|date=September 8, 2020|first=Robin|last=Wolfe Scheffler|publisher=Gotham Center for New York City History}}</ref> Since the 1930s the theater had been used as a meeting space for unions and other organizations, and in the 1950s hosted the annual New York [[Mardi Gras]] festival.<ref name=NYPAP>{{cite web|url=https://www.nypap.org/preservation-history/audubon-ballroom/|access-date=February 28, 2021|website=New York Preservation Archive Project|title=Audubon Ballroom}}</ref> The building acquired its greatest historical significance on February 21, 1965, when [[Malcolm X]] was assassinated there during a rally of the [[Organization of Afro-American Unity]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1965/02/22/archives/malcolm-x-shot-to-death-at-rally-here-three-other-negroes-wounded.html |title=Malcolm X Shot to Death at Rally Here|access-date=June 19, 2018|last=Kihss|first=Peter|date=February 22, 1965|page=1|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref name=encnyc2/> The theater was seized by the city for unpaid back taxes in 1967 and, in the late 1980s, was planned for demolition in order to build a medical research center for Columbia University.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeLUJ10-zFwC|title=Preserving Cultural Landscapes in America|publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University Press]]|first1=Arnold R.|last1=Alanen|first2=Robert|last2=Melnick|year=2000|isbn=9780801862632}}</ref>{{Rp|109}} After pushback by community members and Columbia students, the university reached a compromise in 1990 to restore part of the original façade and ballroom.<ref name=gothamcenter/><ref name=NYPAP/> {{As of|2021}}, the building houses Columbia's Mary Woodard Lasker Biomedical Research Building, in addition to the [[Malcolm X and Dr. Betty Shabazz Memorial and Educational Center]], which houses documents related to the life and work of the two civil rights activists.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://theshabazzcenter.org/about/|title=About the Shabazz Center|access-date=March 14, 2021|publisher=[[Malcolm X and Dr. Betty Shabazz Memorial and Educational Center]]}}</ref>

The [[United Palace]] was built in 1930 as the [[Loew's]] 175th Street Theater, designed primarily by [[Thomas W. Lamb]] (the same architect of the Audubon Ballroom)<ref name=NYPAP/> and featuring interior design work by [[Harold Rambusch]].<ref name=uphd>{{cite book|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/0656.pdf|title=United Palace (Formerly Loew's 175th Street Theater)|publisher=[[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]]|date=December 13, 2016}}</ref> Originally a theater, it was bought in 1969 by [[televangelism|televangelist]] [[Reverend Ike]] and became a church for the United Church Science of Living Institute.<ref>{{cite web|last=Lehmann-Haupt|first=Christopher|title=Reverend Ike, Who Preached Riches, Dies at 74|website=[[The New York Times]]|date=July 30, 2009|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/30/nyregion/30ike.html|access-date=May 20, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Diamond|first=Bruce|title=United Palace Cathedral may see new life as community arts center|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/united-palace-cathedral-new-life-community-arts-center-article-1.1076105|newspaper=[[New York Daily News]]|date=May 11, 2012|access-date=March 14, 2021}}</ref> Made a New York City landmark in 2016, the United Palace also acts as a cultural center, hosting films and live performances {{as of|2021|lc=y}}.<ref name=upca>{{cite web|url=https://www.unitedpalace.org/about/|title=About|publisher=[[United Palace]]|access-date=March 14, 2021}}</ref>

In 2022, the [[City University of New York]]'s Dominican Studies Institute proposed adding the Washington Heights-Dominican Cultural Historic District to the National Register of Historic Places; if designated, the district would run between 155th and 200th Streets.<ref>{{cite web | last=Saltonstall | first=Gus | title=Dominican Historic District Proposed For Washington Heights | website=Washington Heights-Inwood, NY Patch | date=2022-03-08 | url=https://patch.com/new-york/washington-heights-inwood/dominican-historic-district-proposed-washington-heights | access-date=2024-09-17}}</ref> The [[New York State Board for Historic Preservation]] voted in September 2024 to recommend that the district be added to the NRHP, though many local residents opposed the designation because it excluded other ethnic groups.<ref>{{cite web | last=Kahn | first=Rachel | title=Dominican Historic District Designation Divides Washington Heights | website=THE CITY - NYC News | date=2024-09-17 | url=https://www.thecity.nyc/2024/09/17/dominican-historic-district-designation-washington-heights/ | access-date=2024-09-17}}</ref>