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===United Kingdom=== [[File:Hugh llewelyn 103 (6325586872).jpg|thumb|Highland Railway 'Jones Goods' No.103.]] The first {{nowrap|4-6-0}} locomotive to be introduced in the United Kingdom was the [[Highland Railway Jones Goods Class|Highland Railway's ''Jones Goods'' class]] of 1894, the first of which (No. 103) survives. Within five years, however, the wheel arrangement was being used primarily on passenger service, since British heavy freight trains were generally too slow to require a locomotive with a four-wheel leading bogie. Between 1906 and 1925, the {{nowrap|4-6-0}} became the most common express passenger locomotive type in everyday use in the United Kingdom, as a logical development from the [[4-4-0]] type that was previously used. The {{nowrap|4-6-0}} type continued to be used as [[mixed-traffic locomotive|mixed traffic locomotive]] until the end of steam in the United Kingdom in 1968. ====Pre-grouping era==== [[File:4079 Locomotive Class 4-6-0.jpg|thumb|Pendennis Castle [[GWR 4073 Class|GWR 4079]] ]] During the [[Railways Act 1921|pre-grouping era]], from 1899 to 1923, [[Wilson Worsdell]] of the [[North Eastern Railway (UK)|North Eastern Railway]] (NER) used the type for his express passenger locomotives, the [[NER Class S|S and S1 classes]] of 1899 and 1900 that became the B13 and B14 classes of the [[London and North Eastern Railway]] (LNER) in 1923. Soon afterwards, these were followed by the appearance of other designs. * [[John G. Robinson]] of the [[Great Central Railway]] (GCR) designed the [[GCR Class 8|Class 8]] ''Fish Engines'' of 1902. * In 1902 and 1903, [[George Jackson Churchward]] produced the [[GWR 2900 Class|2900 ''Saint'' Class]], which was the first in a long line of {{nowrap|4-6-0}} classes operated by the [[Great Western Railway]] (GWR). * In 1903, [[Francis Webb (engineer)|Francis Webb]] of the [[London and North Western Railway]] (LNWR) followed with his unsuccessful four-cylinder [[compound locomotive]]s of the [[LNWR 1400 Class|1400 ''Bill Bailey'' class]]. * Between 1905 and 1910, altogether 105 locomotives of [[George Whale]]'s [[LNWR Whale Experiment Class|''Experiment'' Class]] were built for the LNWR. Two notable {{nowrap|4-6-0}} express passenger designs appeared in 1906. One was the [[Caledonian Railway]]'s [[Caledonian Railway 49 and 903 Classes|''Cardean'' Class]] which was, at the time, the most powerful locomotive in Britain. The other was Churchward's four-cylinder [[GWR 4000 Class|GWR ''Star'' Class]], which was developed and enlarged by [[Charles Collett]] as the [[GWR 4073 Class|GWR 4073 ''Castle'' class]] in 1923 and later also as the [[GWR 6000 Class|GWR 6000 ''King'' class]] in 1927. Other significant early express {{nowrap|4-6-0}} designs included: * The LNWR's [[LNWR Prince of Wales Class|''Prince of Wales'' Class]], with 246 locomotives built between 1911 and 1921. * The [[LNWR Claughton Class|LNWR's ''Claughton'' Class]], with 130 locomotives built between 1913 and 1924. * The [[GER Class S69|Class S69]] of the [[Great Eastern Railway]] (GER), with 81 locomotives produced between 1912 and 1928. [[File:30777 Sir Lamiel on the Quorn Straight.jpg|thumb|''King Arthur'' class 30777 ''Sir Lamiel'']] [[Robert Urie]] of the [[London and South Western Railway]] (LSWR) introduced three successful classes, the H15 class mixed traffic locomotives, introduced in 1914 and built until 1924, the [[LSWR N15 class|N15 ''King Arthur'' class]], with 74 locomotives built between 1919 and 1926, and the [[LSWR S15 class|S15 class]], with 45 locomotives built between 1920 and 1936. In 1907, [[Wilson Worsdell]] of the NER built ten W class {{nowrap|4-6-0}}T tank locomotives. These were all rebuilt to [[NER Class W1]] [[4-6-2|4-6-2T Pacific]] between 1914 and 1917.<ref>[http://www.lner.info/locos/A/a6.shtml The London & North Eastern Railway (LNER) Encyclopedia]</ref> ====Post-grouping era==== During the [[Railways Act 1921|post-grouping era]] from 1923 to 1948, the {{nowrap|4-6-0}} wheel arrangement was used extensively by all of the [[Big Four British railway companies]], especially by the [[Great Western Railway]] (GWR) and the [[London, Midland and Scottish Railway]] (LMS), who continued to develop new designs. [[File:GWR 5043 Earl of Mount Edgcumbe Didcot Railway Centre 4th March 2023.jpg|thumb|right|GWR 4073 Class [[GWR 4073 Class 5043 Earl of Mount Edgcumbe|5043 ''Earl of Mount Edgcumbe'']]]] However, from the early 1930s, demands for more power and improved performance from express passenger locomotives led to the widespread introduction of [[4-6-2|4-6-2 Pacific]] locomotives, where the trailing axle could support a larger [[Firebox (steam engine)|firebox]]. Since the reduced traction of the driving wheels was not a big disadvantage with relatively light passenger trains, the {{nowrap|4-6-0}} was displaced from top-rank express services on most of the railways where they had been used, with the exception of the GWR who continued to build both mixed-traffic and express passenger {{nowrap|4-6-0}}s until nationalisation in 1948. The [[GWR 4073 Class|GWR's 4073 ''Castle'' Class]] eventually consisted of 171 express passenger locomotives, built between 1923 and 1950. The design was enlarged as the [[GWR 6000 Class|GWR's 6000 ''King'' Class]], with thirty locomotives built between 1927 and 1930. Several new mixed traffic {{nowrap|4-6-0s}} were also introduced: * The [[Southern Railway (UK)|Southern Railway]] improved the LSWR's ''King Arthur'' class and introduced the [[SR Lord Nelson class|''Lord Nelson'' class]], which was briefly the most powerful class in Britain. Sixteen locomotives were built between 1926 and 1929. * The LMS introduced the [[LMS Royal Scot Class|7P ''Royal Scot'' class]], with 71 locomotives built between 1927 and 1930, and the [[LMS Patriot Class|6P ''Patriot'' class]], with 52 locomotives built between 1930 and 1934. All of the ''Royal Scots'' and 18 of the ''Patriots'' were subsequently rebuilt in line with Stanier's practice and were very successful in this form. * The largest and most successful British {{nowrap|4-6-0}} class was the [[LMS Stanier Class 5 4-6-0|LMS Class 5 ''Black Five'']], designed by [[William Stanier]] and consisting of 842 locomotives, built between 1934 and 1951. Stanier also designed the [[LMS Jubilee Class|LMS 6P ''Jubilee'' class]], with 191 locomotives built between 1934 and 1936. [[File:GWR 'Hall' 5972 'Olton Hall' at Doncaster Works.JPG|thumb|right|GWR ''Hall'' Class ''Olton Hall'' hauled the ''Hogwarts Express'' in the [[Harry Potter (film series)|''Harry Potter'' films]]]] Charles Collett of the GWR developed [[George Jackson Churchward|Churchward's]] 1902 ''Saint'' class design into three further classes: * The [[GWR 4900 Class|GWR 4900 ''Hall'']] class, with 259 locomotives built between 1928 and 1943. * The [[GWR 6800 Class|GWR 6800 ''Grange'']] class, with eighty locomotives built between 1936 and 1939. * The [[GWR 7800 Class|GWR 7800 ''Manor'']] class, with thirty locomotives built between 1938 and 1950. [[Frederick Hawksworth]] later developed the ''Saint'' class design further, first with his [[GWR 6959 Class|GWR 6959 ''Modified Hall'' Class]], with 71 locomotives built between 1944 and 1950, and then with his [[GWR 1000 Class|GWR 1000 ''County'' Class]], with thirty locomotives built between 1945 and 1947. The LNER inherited large numbers of {{nowrap|4-6-0}} locomotives from its constituent companies, many of which were subsequently rebuilt, so that the company ultimately had sixty different classes and sub-classes with this wheel arrangement. In addition, the company also introduced two new {{nowrap|4-6-0}} classes. * The [[LNER Class B17|B17 class]], designed by [[Nigel Gresley]], of which 73 were built between 1928 and 1937. * The [[LNER Thompson Class B1|B1 class]], designed by [[Edward Thompson (engineer)|Edward Thompson]], of which 410 locomotives were built between 1942 and 1952.<ref>''Locomotives of the L.N.E.R. Part 1 Preliminary Survey'', Railway Correspondence and Travel Society, 1963, pp. 105-7.</ref> [[File:73050 at Wansford.jpg|thumb|right|BR standard class 5]] ====British Railways era==== Following the formation of [[British Railways]] in 1948, two further {{nowrap|4-6-0}} classes were introduced, both in 1951. * The [[BR Standard Class 5]] was based on Stanier's successful LMS ''Black Five'' of 1934. Altogether 172 locomotives were built by 1957. * A lighter and less powerful design was the [[BR Standard Class 4 4-6-0|BR Standard Class 4]]. Eighty of these were built by 1957.
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