Editing Anti-Americanism (section)

=====China=====
{{Main|Anti-American sentiment in China}}
{{See also|May 24 incident}}
China has a history of anti-Americanism beginning with the general disdain for foreigners in the early 19th century that culminated in the [[Boxer Rebellion]] of 1900, which the U.S. helped in militarily suppressing.

During the [[Second Sino-Japanese War]] and World War II, the U.S. provided economic and military assistance to the [[Chiang Kai-shek]] government against the Japanese invasion. In particular, the "[[China Hands]]" (American diplomats known for their knowledge of China) also attempted to establish diplomatic contacts with [[Mao Zedong]]'s communist regime [[Dixie Mission|in their stronghold in Yan'an]], with a goal of fostering unity between the Nationalists and Communists.<ref>John Service, ''The Amerasia Papers: Some Problems in the History of US – China Relations'' (Berkeley, CA: Center for Chinese Studies, U of California Press, 1971), 191 – 192.</ref> However, relations soured after communist victory in the [[Chinese Civil War]] and the relocation of the Chiang government to [[Taiwan]], together with the start of the [[Cold War]] and rise of [[McCarthyism]] in U.S. politics. The newly communist China and the U.S. fought a major undeclared [[Korean War|war in Korea, 1950–53]] and, as a result, President [[Harry S. Truman]] began advocating a policy of containment and sent the [[United States Seventh Fleet]] to deter a possible communist invasion of Taiwan.<ref>{{cite web|title=Harry S Truman, "Statement on Formosa," January 5, 1950|url=http://china.usc.edu/harry-s-truman-%E2%80%9Cstatement-formosa%E2%80%9D-january-5-1950|publisher=[[University of Southern California]]|access-date=7 May 2017|archive-date=16 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816232642/http://china.usc.edu/harry-s-truman-%E2%80%9Cstatement-formosa%E2%80%9D-january-5-1950|url-status=live}}</ref> The U.S. signed the [[Sino-American Mutual Defense Treaty]] with Taiwan which lasted until 1979 and, during this period, the communist government in Beijing was not diplomatically recognized by the U.S. By 1950, virtually all American diplomatic staff had left mainland China, and one of Mao's political goals was to identify and destroy factions inside China that might be favorable to capitalism.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Qiu Xu | first1 = Guang | year = 2000 | title = U.S. Air Aid and the CCP's Anti-American Campaign, 1945–1949 | journal = Air Power History | volume = 47 | issue = 1| pages = 24–39}}</ref><ref>Michael M. Sheng, "Chinese Communist Policy Toward the United States and the Myth of the 'Lost Chance,' 1948–1950," ''Modern Asian Studies'' 28 (1994); [[Chen Jian (academic)|Chen Jian]], ''China's Road to the Korean War: The Making of the Sino-American Confrontation'' (Columbia University Press, 1994)</ref>

Mao initially ridiculed the U.S. as "[[paper tiger]]" occupiers of Taiwan, "the enemy of the people of the world and has increasingly isolated itself" and "monopoly capitalist groups",<ref>{{cite web |author=Mao Tse Tung |url=http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/works/red-book/ch06.htm |title=Quotations from Mao Tse Tung – Chapter 6 |publisher=Marxists.org |access-date=11 May 2012 |archive-date=16 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816041622/https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/works/red-book/ch06.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> and it was argued that Mao never intended friendly relations with the U.S.<ref>Michael M. Sheng, ''Battling Western Imperialism: Mao, Stalin, and the United States'' (Princeton University Press, 1997) ch 1</ref> However, due to the [[Sino-Soviet split]] and increasing tension between China and the Soviet Union, US President [[Richard Nixon]] signaled a diplomatic rapprochement with communist China, and [[Richard Nixon's 1972 visit to China|embarked on an official visit in 1972]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Nixon|first=Richard|title=Announcement of the President's Trip to China|url=http://china.usc.edu/ShowArticle.aspx?articleID=2258|work=US-China documents collection|publisher=USC US-China Institute|access-date=24 July 2011|archive-date=11 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111171025/http://china.usc.edu/ShowArticle.aspx?articleID=2258|url-status=live}}</ref> Diplomatic relations between the two countries were eventually restored in 1979. After Mao's death, [[Deng Xiaoping]] embarked on economic reforms, and hostility diminished sharply, while large-scale trade and investments, as well as cultural exchanges became major factors. Following the [[Tiananmen Square protests of 1989]], the U.S. placed economic and military sanctions upon China, although official diplomatic relations continued.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1989/06/05/world/the-west-condemns-the-crackdown.html The West Condemns the Crackdown] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909200418/https://www.nytimes.com/1989/06/05/world/the-west-condemns-the-crackdown.html |date=9 September 2021 }}, New York Times, 5 June 1989.</ref>
[[File:Anti-American Protests in Nanjing, 1999 (flickr 2543499638).jpg|thumb|Anti-American protests in Nanjing following the [[U.S. bombing of the Chinese embassy in Belgrade]], 1999]]

In 2013, 53% of Chinese respondents in a [[Pew Research Center|Pew]] survey had a "very unfavorable" or "somewhat unfavorable" view of the U.S.<ref name="pew"/> Relations improved slightly near the end of Obama's term in 2016, with 44% of Chinese respondents expressing an unfavorable view of the U.S compared to 50% of respondents expressing a favorable view.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2016-06-28|title=A Look at America's International Image|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2016/06/28/americas-international-image/|access-date=2020-09-12|website=Pew Research Center's Global Attitudes Project|language=en-US|archive-date=13 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613145926/https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2016/06/28/americas-international-image/|url-status=live}}</ref>

There has been a significant increase in anti-Americanism since U.S. President [[Donald Trump]] launched a [[China–United States trade war|trade war]] against China, with Chinese media airing [[Korean War]] films.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://thediplomat.com/2019/06/the-dangerous-reprise-of-chinese-korean-war-propaganda/|title=The Dangerous Reprise of Chinese Korean War Propaganda|last=Diplomat|first=Andrew Kuech, The|website=The Diplomat|language=en-US|date=14 June 2019|access-date=2019-07-25|archive-date=7 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210907121451/https://thediplomat.com/2019/06/the-dangerous-reprise-of-chinese-korean-war-propaganda/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/14/world/asia/china-propaganda-trade.html|title=China's Propaganda Machine Takes Aim at U.S. Over Trade War|last=Hernández|first=Javier C.|date=2019-05-14|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-07-25|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=9 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909213325/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/14/world/asia/china-propaganda-trade.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In May 2019, ''[[Global Times]]'' said that "the trade war with the U.S. at the moment reminds Chinese of military struggles between China and the U.S. during the Korean War."<ref name=":0" />