Editing Ball lightning (section)

=== Electrochemical model ===
In the electrochemical model (based on work by Stakhanov <ref>{{cite book |last1=Stakhanov |first1=I.P. |title=The Physical nature of ball lightning (CEGB Translation, CE8244) |date=1979 |publisher=Atomizdat |location=Moscow |url=https://naturalplasmas.com/files/The_Physical_Nature_of_Ball_Lightning.pdf}}</ref> and later modified by Turner<ref name=turner1994>{{cite journal |last1=Turner |first1=D.J. |title=The structure and stability of ball lightning |journal=Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London A |date=1994 |volume=347 |issue=1682 |url=https://naturalplasmas.com/files/The-Structure-and-Stability-of-Ball-Lightning.pdf}}</ref><ref name=turner2002>{{cite journal |last1=Turner |first1=D.J. |title=The fragmented science of ball lightning |journal=Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London A |date=2002 |volume=360 |issue=1790 |url=https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsta.2001.0921}}</ref>) a lightning ball is an air plasma surrounded by several chemically active layers. It is fuelled by nitrogen oxidation producing the ions H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup> and NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>. On hydration these ions can combine, refrigerating the plasma surface. The aerosols of nitrous acid so produced are then further oxidized to nitric acid. They grow in size and restrict the inflow of air, thus holding the plasma together.
 
These processes require very delicately balanced chemical and electrical conditions in the surrounding air which explains the rarity of the phenomenon. With optimal reaction conditions, the weight of the droplets formed can more than offset the buoyancy force of the hot plasma. At the same time, the net positive charges, both on the outside of the ball and on the Earth's surface (during a thunderstorm), can sometimes balance the ball in the air a meter or less above the ground.

Ball movement can be driven by electrical fields but also, since the air in-flow is restricted by the number and mean diameter of the surface particles, it will respond to local humidity differences. Furthermore, the air in-flow provides a very effective surface tension to the ball.<ref name="turner1994"/> This explains such apparently anomalous behaviors as squeezing through relatively small holes and bouncing. In its final form, the model <ref name="turner2002"/> can explain all the known characteristics of ball lightning. 
Thermodynamic considerations <ref>{{cite journal |last1=Turner |first1=D. |title=Vapor Phase Electrochemistry: The Missing Science |journal=Journal of Scientific Exploration |date=2023 |volume=37 |issue=3 |pages=390-428 |url=https://doi.org/10.31275/20232707}}</ref> refute the fallacy that rapid charge neutralisation precludes ball lightning from being a plasma.