Editing Calligraphy (section)

===Subsequent developments===
[[Graily Hewitt]] taught at the [[Central School of Arts and Crafts]] and published together with Johnston throughout the early part of the century. Hewitt was central{{Citation needed|date=October 2024}} to the revival of [[gilding]] in calligraphy, and his prolific output on type design also appeared between 1915 and 1943. He is attributed with the revival of gilding with [[gesso]] and gold leaf on [[vellum]]. Hewitt helped found the [[Society of Scribes & Illuminators]] (SSI) in 1921, probably the world's foremost calligraphy society.{{Citation needed|date=October 2024}}

{{Peacock|date=October 2024}}

Hewitt is not without both critics<ref>Tresser 2006</ref>{{full citation needed|date=August 2022}} and supporters<ref>Whitley 2000: 90{{full citation needed|date=August 2022}}</ref> in his rendering of [[Cennino Cennini]]'s medieval gesso recipes.<ref>Herringham 1899{{full citation needed|date=August 2022}}</ref> [[Donald Jackson (calligrapher)|Donald Jackson]], a British calligrapher, has sourced his gesso recipes from earlier centuries, a number of which are not presently in English translation.<ref>Jackson 1981: 81{{full citation needed|date=August 2022}}</ref> Graily Hewitt created the patent announcing the award to [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|Prince Philip]] of the title of Duke of Edinburgh on November 19, 1947, the day before his marriage to Queen Elizabeth.<ref>Hewitt 1944–1953{{full citation needed|date=August 2022}}</ref>{{Clarification needed|reason=What does the patent creation have to do with calligraphy?|date=October 2024}}

Anna Simons, Johnston's pupil, was instrumental in sparking interest in calligraphy in Germany with her German translation of ''Writing and Illuminating, and Lettering'' in 1910.<ref name="ejf" /> Austrian Rudolf Larisch, a teacher of lettering at the Vienna School of Art, published six lettering books that greatly influenced German-speaking calligraphers. Because German-speaking countries had not abandoned the Gothic hand in printing, Gothic also had a powerful effect on their styles.

[[Rudolf Koch]] was a friend and younger contemporary of Larisch. Koch's books, type designs, and teaching made him one of the most influential calligraphers of the 20th century in northern Europe and later in the U.S. Larisch and Koch taught and inspired many European calligraphers, notably [[Karlgeorg Hoefer]] and [[Hermann Zapf]].<ref>Cinamon 2001; Kapr 1991{{full citation needed|date=August 2022}}</ref>

Contemporary typefaces used by computers, from word processors like [[Microsoft Word]] or [[Apple Pages]] to professional design software packages like [[Adobe InDesign]], find their roots in both the calligraphy of the past as well as several professional typeface designers.<ref name="mediaville1996">{{Cite book |last=Mediaville |first=Claude |title=Calligraphy: From Calligraphy to Abstract Painting |publisher=Scirpus-Publications |year=1996 |isbn=978-90-803325-1-5 |location=Belgium}}</ref>{{sfn|Zapf|2007}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Henning, W.E. |title=An Elegant Hand: The Golden Age of American Penmanship and Calligraphy |publisher=Oak Knoll Press |year=2002 |isbn=978-1-58456-067-8 |editor-last=Melzer |editor-first=P. |location=New Castle, Delaware}}</ref>

{{gallery
|title=Selected images
|file:Banknote motif- number 5 against a circular panel of lace-like lathe work with a scalloped edge MET DP837954.jpg
   | Banknote motif: number 5 against a circular panel of lace-like lathe work with a scalloped edge
|File:Китайский военнослужащий на конкурсе по каллиграфии.png
   |Chinese soldier in calligraphy competition
|File:Edward Johnston.png
   |[[Edward Johnston]], a famous British calligrapher, at work in 1902
}}