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Cooper's hawk
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===Threat to conservation dependent species=== Generally, Cooper's hawks hunt the locally common birds that are available and probably control some birds (such as the more numerous icterids and corvids) that may without the influence of natural predation risk overpopulation and potential harm to ecosystems.<ref name= Palmer/><ref name= Rosenfield8/><ref>McAtee, W. L. (1935). ''Food habits of common hawks'' (No. 370). US Department of Agriculture.</ref> However, as an opportunistic natural predator of almost any North American bird smaller than itself, Cooper's hawk may inadvertently deplete populations of rarer, conservation-dependent species. The [[American kestrel]], whose populations have experienced considerable decrease, may be one species which has suffered from the extensive predation of the recovered Cooper's hawk population.<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.hawkmountain.org/raptorpedia/hawks-at-hawk-mountain/hawk-species-at-hawk-mountain/american-kestrel/page.aspx?id=498 |title= ''What is an American kestrel?''| website= hawkmountain.org | publisher= Hawk Mountain Sanctuary| access-date= January 28, 2017}}</ref> However, there is no evidence that Cooper's hawk predation is one of the leading causes of kestrel declines and data seems to indicate it is, at most, a localized threat.<ref name= McClure/><ref name= Lesko/><ref>Smallwood, J. A., Causey, M. F., Mossop, D. H., Klucsarits, J. R., Robertson, B., Robertson, S., Mason, J., Maurer, M. J., Melvin, R. J., Dwason, R.D., Bortolotti, G. R., Parrish, J.W., Breen, T. F. & Bond, K. (2009). ''Why are American Kestrel (Falco sparverius) populations declining in North America? Evidence from nest-box programs''. Journal of Raptor Research, 43(4), 274–282.</ref><ref>Sullivan, B. L., & Wood, C. L. (2005). ''The changing seasons – a plea for the common birds''. North American Birds, 59:20–30.</ref> Similarly, Cooper's hawks occasionally prey upon other threatened bird species, and, although said predation is not a primary cause of concern, may exacerbate the already worrying condition of many declining North American birds. Some threatened species known to be thusly hunted by these hawks are [[greater prairie-chicken]]s (''Tympanuchus cupido''),<ref>Bergan, J., Morrow, M. & Rossignol, T. (1993). ''Attwater's Prairie-Chicken Recovery Plan (Tympanuchus cupido attwateri)''. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Southwest Region.</ref> [[lesser prairie-chicken]]s (''Tympanuchus pallidicinctus''),<ref>Behney, A. C., Boal, C. W., Whitlaw, H. A., & Lucia, D. R. (2012). ''Raptor community composition in the Texas Southern High Plains lesser prairie‐chicken range''. Wildlife Society Bulletin, 36(2), 291–296.</ref> [[red-headed woodpecker]]s,<ref>Kilgo, J. C. & Vukovich, M. (2011). F''actors affecting breeding season survival of red-headed woodpeckers in South Carolina''. The Journal of Wildlife Management, 76:328–335.</ref> [[Bell's vireo]] (''Vireo bellii''),<ref>Howell, C. A., & Dettling, M. D. (2009). ''Least Bell's Vireo monitoring, nest predation threat assessment, and cowbird parasitism threat assessment at the San Joaquin River National Wildlife Refuge''. Report to US Fish & Wildlife Service and US Bur. of Reclamation.</ref> [[Florida scrub jay]] (''Aphelocoma coerulescens''),<ref>Woolfenden, G. E. and J. W. Fitzpatrick (1996). ''Florida Scrub-Jay (Aphelocoma coerulescens)'', version 2.0. In The Birds of North America (A. F. Poole and F. B. Gill, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA.</ref> [[wood thrush]] (''Hylocichla mustelina'') (Cooper's being identified as one three major nest predators along with blue jays and raccoons),<ref>Friesen, L. E., Casbourn, G., Martin, V., & Mackay, R. J. (2013). ''Nest predation in an anthropogenic landscape''. The Wilson Journal of Ornithology, 125(3), 562–569.</ref> [[golden-winged warbler]] (''Vermivora chrysoptera''),<ref>Aldinger, K. R., Bakermans, M. H., Larkin, J. L., Lehman, J., McNeil, D. J., Tisdale, A., & Fearer, T. (2015). ''Monitoring and evaluating Golden-winged Warbler use of breeding habitat created by Natural Resources Conservation Service practices''. Conservation Effects Assessment Program Final Report, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service.</ref> [[cerulean warbler]] (''Setophaga cerulea'')<ref>Buehler, D. A., P. B. Hamel, and T. Boves (2013). ''Cerulean Warbler (Setophaga cerulea)'', version 2.0. In The Birds of North America (A. F. Poole, Editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA.</ref> and [[golden-cheeked warbler]] (''Setophaga chrysoparia'').<ref name= Stake/>
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